REVERSEinquiries Newsletter, Volume 7, Issue 2 - Structured and Market-Linked Products

Mayer Brown's REVERSEinquiries newsletter, Volume 7, Issue 2, covers structured and market-linked product regulatory developments. Key items include a FINRA member settlement for Regulation S compliance procedures, a FINRA proposed amendment to Rule 2210 to permit the use of projections in communications, a Second Circuit dismissal of ETN reverse stock split litigation, and monitoring program issuance limits. This is a law firm advisory publication summarizing multiple regulatory topics — not a regulatory action itself.

OFAC and BIS Violations: Whistleblower, Witness, or Confidential Source?

This Friling Law advisory article examines the legal and strategic distinctions between whistleblowers, confidential sources, witnesses, and complainants in the context of OFAC sanctions and BIS export-control violations. It describes enforcement trends driving increased reporting activity — including expanded sanctions reach, dual-use goods controls, and internal compliance red flags — and explains why proper classification of a reporting source affects credibility, anti-retaliation protections, confidentiality strategy, and legal exposure. The article provides FAQ guidance on anonymity, non-U.S. person eligibility, and the limits of OFAC's whistleblower reward program.

SEC Exemptive Order Permits 10-Business-Day Tender Offer Minimums

The SEC Division of Corporation Finance's Office of Mergers and Acquisitions issued an exemptive order on April 16, 2026 allowing certain tender offers for equity securities to remain open for a minimum of 10 business days instead of the standard 20 business days required under Exchange Act Rules 13e-4(f)(1)(i) and 14e-1(a). The order applies to both reporting and non-reporting companies and covers negotiated third-party tender offers as well as issuer tender offers, subject to conditions including cash-only consideration, no going-private transactions, and heightened early-disclosure requirements for material changes by 9:00 a.m. Eastern time.

Oregon HB 4116 Bans Out-of-State Banks From Exceeding 36% Interest Rate on Consumer Loans

Oregon HB 4116 was signed by Governor Tina Kotek on April 7, 2026, prohibiting out-of-state FDIC-insured, state-chartered banks from making consumer finance loans of $50,000 or less to Oregon borrowers using interest rates exceeding Oregon's 36% cap. The law takes effect June 5, 2026, and applies to anyone originating, brokering, or facilitating consumer loans to Oregon residents by mail, telephone, or the Internet. Oregon becomes the fourth jurisdiction to opt out of DIDMCA, following Puerto Rico, Iowa, and Colorado, though national banks remain unaffected.

SEC and CFTC Issue Joint Interpretive Guidance Classifying Crypto Assets Under Securities Laws

On March 17, 2026, the SEC and CFTC jointly issued interpretive guidance establishing a taxonomy-based framework for determining whether crypto assets constitute securities under federal law. The guidance supersedes the SEC's 2019 Framework for 'Investment Contract' Analysis of Digital Assets, shifting from an as-applied enforcement approach to a structured classification system. It applies the Howey test to five categories: digital commodities (e.g., Bitcoin, Ether, Solana, XRP), digital collectibles, digital tools, certain stablecoins, and digital securities.

DOL Issues ERISA Fiduciary Guidance on Proxy Advisory Services

The US Department of Labor issued Technical Release 2026-01 on April 15, 2026, providing guidance on ERISA fiduciary requirements and preemption provisions as they apply to proxy advisory services. The DOL takes the position that proxy advisory firms regularly qualify as ERISA fiduciaries—both as functional fiduciaries under Section 3(21)(A)(i) when exercising discretion over voting policies, and as investment advice fiduciaries under Section 3(21)(A)(ii) when providing advice to ERISA plan clients on how to exercise shareholder rights. The Technical Release also addresses ERISA preemption of state laws regulating proxy advisory firms, concluding that certain disclosure requirements may not have a sufficient connection to ERISA plans to trigger preemption.

United Airlines Q2 FY2026 Earnings and Fuel Guidance

United Airlines Holdings, Inc. issued its Q2 FY2026 investor update on April 21, 2026, providing adjusted diluted earnings per share guidance of $1.00 to $2.00 for Q2 2026 and $7.00 to $11.00 for full-year 2026, along with an estimated average aircraft fuel price of approximately $4.30 per gallon and adjusted total capital expenditures expected to be less than $8 billion for FY2026. The company also disclosed Q2 2026 profit sharing accrual estimates of $50 million to $95 million and provided updated fleet plans showing total mainline aircraft increasing from 1,100 in Q1 2026 to 1,180 by year-end 2026.

United Airlines Q1 2026 EPS $2.14, Up 85% Year-Over-Year

United Airlines reported first-quarter 2026 diluted earnings per share of $2.14, up 85% year-over-year, with adjusted diluted EPS of $1.19 up 31% year-over-year. Total operating revenue was $14.6 billion, up 10.6% year-over-year, with a pre-tax margin of 6.0% despite a $340 million increase in fuel expense compared to Q1 2025. The airline plans a 5-point capacity reduction for the remainder of 2026 to address higher fuel prices while maintaining its long-term customer-focused strategy, with capacity expected to be flat to up approximately 2% year-over-year in Q3 and Q4.

Laird Superfood Acquires Terrasoul Superfoods Private Securities Purchase Agreement

Laird Superfood, Inc., a Nevada corporation, has acquired all issued and outstanding membership interests of Terrasoul Superfoods, LLC, a Texas limited liability company, from Superfoods Seller LLC pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement dated April 21, 2026. The transaction involved a Reorganization prior to Closing, including an IRC Section 368(a)(1)(F) tax-free reorganization, with an Adjustment Escrow Amount of $1,500,000.00 and an earn-out structure tied to 2026 Contribution Profit thresholds. The agreement includes representations and warranties, indemnification provisions, restrictive covenant agreements with Members, and an Advisory Agreement with Dennis J. Botts.

FATF Ministers Reiterate Commitment to Tackling Illicit Finance

FATF Ministers convened in Washington D.C. on 17 April 2026 for the biennial FATF Ministerial Meeting held alongside the IMF-World Bank Spring Meetings. The Ministers reiterated their commitment to tackling illicit finance through multilateral coordinated action, agreeing to focus efforts particularly on the growing threat of fraud and strengthening risk-based implementation of the FATF Standards.

Food Supplements Purity Criteria Magnesium L-threonate Monohydrate England Regulations 2026

The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care has drafted regulations establishing purity criteria for magnesium L-threonate monohydrate (CAS 500304-76-7) as a mineral source in food supplements. The Schedule sets out chemical specifications including assay requirements for magnesium (7.2-8.3%) and L-threonate (82-91%), plus heavy metal limits for arsenic (1 ppm), lead (0.5 ppm), cadmium (0.2 ppm), and mercury (0.1 ppm). The draft regulations are laid before Parliament for approval by resolution of each House and come into force on 13th August 2026, applying to England only.

BOE Daily Summary April 22, 2026 — Government Personnel and Appointments

The April 22, 2026 edition of Spain's Official Gazette (BOE) publishes personnel appointments across multiple government bodies, including Real Decretos concerning diplomatic appointments and cessations. Three ambassadors are relieved of their posts in Jordania, Malasia, and Brunéi Darusalam, with three new ambassadors simultaneously designated to Jordania, Lebanon, and Liechtenstein. A judicial council competition resolution and a Cortes Generales administrative appointment are also published. This daily index consolidates official announcements from 25 ministerial departments and public bodies. No regulatory obligations, penalties, or compliance deadlines are established by this summary itself.

23 AGs Urge CFPB to Abandon Enforcement Rollback Plan

Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel joined a coalition of 23 attorneys general in sending a letter to CFPB Acting Director Russell Vought urging the agency to abandon plans that would dramatically reduce staffing and enforcement capacity. The coalition warns the CFPB's proposed strategic plan, which would cut the Office of Supervision Policy and Operations from 72 staff to a single person, undermines the agency's statutory obligation to supervise financial institutions and would leave consumers vulnerable at a time when 40% of U.S. adults have experienced financial fraud in the past year. The letter highlights that CFPB has delivered over $21 billion in consumer relief since its creation and argues the cuts would shift enforcement burden to states while abandoning billions in previously targeted consumer harm recovery.

AG Nessel Reissues Gift Card Scam Consumer Alert for Money Smart Week

Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel reissued a consumer alert on gift card scams as part of Money Smart Week. The alert describes eight types of gift card scams, including law enforcement impostor scams, tech support scams, family emergency/grandparent scams, charity imposter scams, utility imposter scams, debt collection scams, sweepstakes/lottery scams, and Social Security/IRS scams. The alert reminds consumers that no legitimate business or government agency will demand payment via gift card. If a consumer has shared gift card information with a scammer, they are advised to contact the gift card issuer immediately and file reports with the FTC and the Attorney General's Consumer Protection Team.

National Council on Disability Virtual Meeting, May 7th

The National Council on Disability (NCD) will hold a virtual quarterly Council meeting on Thursday, May 7, 2026, from 12:30–3:00 p.m. EDT via Zoom for Government. The agenda includes Acting Chairman report-outs, Council Member reports, Executive Committee updates, policy and legislative briefings, a 2026 Progress Report discussion, and a vote on FY27 policy project proposals.

ICE Arrests Criminal Illegal Aliens for Child Molestation, Child Pornography, Rape, Drug Trafficking

On April 21, 2026, DHS announced that ICE arrested five criminal illegal aliens with prior convictions including child molestation, child pornography possession, rape, and drug trafficking. The arrests span Santa Barbara, California; Fairfax, Virginia; Brooklyn, New York; and Salt Lake City, Utah. The announcement was made during National Crime Victims Week, with DHS highlighting specific victims of illegal alien crime.

HSI Arrests Convicted Murderer Daniel Barber for Threatening ICE Director

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) San Francisco arrested U.S. citizen Daniel Barber on April 10, 2026, for sending violent death threats to Acting ICE Director Todd Lyons. The threats, sent via email on June 6, 2025, included language calling for ICE officers to be executed. Barber has a prior conviction for murder and robbery with intent to cause bodily harm from 1990, as well as multiple prior arrests for burglary, battery, and vehicle theft.

ICE Lodges Arrest Detainer for Illegal Alien Charged With Incest and Child Sex Crimes in South Carolina

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) lodged an arrest detainer on April 17, 2026, for Luis Armando Argueta Montejo, a 43-year-old illegal alien from Mexico, who faces charges of incest and three counts of criminal sexual conduct with a child in Oconee County, South Carolina. According to reports, the victim is allegedly between 11 and 14 years of age. Montejo, who entered the U.S. in 2006 with no prior criminal history in the country, will be transferred to ICE custody after facing prosecution in the American justice system.

Burch v. Mandadero et al – Prisoner Civil Rights Complaint

Prisoner Ishmael Jenkins Burch filed a civil rights complaint in the Northern District of California (Case 3:26-cv-03353-TSH) on April 21, 2026, alleging claims against three named defendants—J. Huey, Mandadero, and W. Reyes—under federal prisoner civil rights provisions. The plaintiff simultaneously filed a motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis, indicating financial inability to pay filing fees, and the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation has been directed to submit a certified Prison Trust Account statement within 72 hours.

Coastal Electrical Construction LLC v. Jernigan et al

The U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware issued a ruling in Case 25-1295, Coastal Electrical Construction LLC v. Jernigan et al. The opinion was authored by District Judge Gregory B. Williams on April 21, 2026. The full opinion is available as a PDF on the court's website.

Kaufman v. Baumgardner

Magistrate Judge Sherry R. Fallon of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware issued a ruling in case 26-054, Kaufman v. Baumgardner. The document references the filing of a PDF opinion. No specific holdings, monetary penalties, or compliance obligations are stated in the available navigation content.

In Re Plug Power Inc. Securities Litigation

The U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware issued a final judgment in In Re Plug Power Inc. Securities Litigation, Case 23-406. The opinion was authored by District Judge Jennifer L. Hall and filed on April 20, 2026. The full text of the ruling is available via the PDF linked on the court's opinions page.

Bryant v. CD Baby.com

The United States District Court for the District of Delaware issued a ruling in Bryant v. CD Baby.com, Case 24-179, assigned to Magistrate Judge Eleanor G. Tennyson. The opinion was filed on April 20, 2026. The document is available in PDF format at the court's website.

Ameritas Life Insurance Corp. v. U.S. Bank, National Association

The United States District Court for the District of Delaware issued an opinion in Case 22-623 filed by Ameritas Life Insurance Corp. against U.S. Bank, National Association. Judge Jennifer L. Hall presided over the matter, with the ruling dated April 21, 2026. The specific holding and disposition of the case are contained in the full opinion document.

SEC and CFTC Propose Form PF Amendments to Reduce Private Fund Adviser Reporting Burden

The SEC and CFTC jointly published proposed amendments to Form PF on April 20, 2026, targeting SEC-registered investment advisers to private funds, including those also registered with the CFTC as commodity pool operators or commodity trading advisors. The proposal would eliminate certain filing and reporting obligations, streamline existing requirements, and make corrections and other revisions designed to reduce regulatory burden. The amendments target both large hedge fund advisers and smaller private fund advisers with simplified quarterly and annual filing options.

Masimo Corp. v. Kiani - Forum Selection Clause Enforcement

The Delaware Court of Chancery granted Defendant Joe E. Kiani's motion to dismiss in Masimo Corp. v. Kiani (C.A. No. 2024-1086-NAC), decided April 21, 2026. The court held that the forum selection clause in Kiani's 2015 employment agreement—specifying the Superior Court of California as the exclusive forum—is enforceable and overrides Masimo's bylaws provision requiring Delaware courts for internal affairs claims. Masimo's Delaware action sought to invalidate the employment agreement on grounds it resulted from Kiani's breaches of fiduciary duty.

Alabama SB361 Establishes Dog Tethering and Confinement Requirements with Exemptions and Criminal Penalties

Alabama SB361 establishes statewide dog tethering and confinement requirements, creating criminal penalties for violations and assigning enforcement authority to animal control officers. The bill was sponsored by Senator Garlan Gudger and passed the Senate 28-1 on third reading, then passed the House 69-23 on April 8, 2026, before being enrolled and enacted on April 13, 2026. Dog owners, pet-related businesses, and local governments should review the new requirements and exemptions to understand compliance obligations under the law.

Alabama SB5 Requires Weekly Star-Spangled Banner Broadcast in Public K-12 Schools

Alabama's SB5, a statewide constitutional amendment, was enacted on April 13, 2026, requiring all public K-12 schools in the state to broadcast the Star-Spangled Banner at least once weekly. The bill passed the House 75-27 after earlier Senate passage on March 3, 2026. School districts in Alabama must now incorporate the weekly anthem broadcast into their school operations.

SB99 Requires Ten Commandments Display in Alabama Public Schools

Alabama Senate Bill 99 has been enacted, requiring the display of the Ten Commandments in certain public schools in the state. The bill was passed by the Senate (Yea: 30, Nay: 4) on March 31 and subsequently passed by the House of Representatives (Yea: 81, Nay: 10) on April 9, receiving final enactment on April 13. The implementation of the display requirement is contingent upon the availability of private donations, meaning schools are not required to use public funds for this purpose. Schools subject to this mandate should identify the specific display locations and establish procedures to receive and manage donation-funded acquisitions.

SB304 Alabama Building Trade Business License

Alabama Senate Bill 304 was enrolled and enacted on April 13, 2026, during the 2026 Regular Session. The bill, sponsored by Senator Greg Albritton, provides for municipal business license requirements for certain businesses operating in the building trade. The Senate passed the original bill 30-0 on March 17, 2026, and the House passed the amended version 101-2 on April 8, 2026, before the bill was delivered to the Governor and enrolled.

Alabama SB5 Requires K-12 Public Schools Broadcast Star-Spangled Banner Weekly

Alabama SB5 was enacted on April 13, 2026, establishing a statewide constitutional amendment that requires all public K-12 schools to broadcast the Star-Spangled Banner on a weekly basis. The bill cleared both chambers with final House passage on a 75-27 roll call vote and was signed into law after being delivered to the Governor on April 9, 2026. Educational institutions subject to this mandate should ensure their facilities are equipped and scheduled to comply with the weekly anthem broadcast requirement.

Ten Commandments Display Required in Alabama Public Schools

Alabama Senate Bill SB99 was enrolled and enacted on April 13, 2026, requiring the display of the Ten Commandments in certain public schools. The requirement is expressly conditioned on the availability of donations to fund the display, meaning no public funds may be used. The bill passed the Senate with final House passage on April 9, 2026, by a vote of 81-10 (Roll Call 1347).

Dorset Police NCND Officer Info Not Upheld

The ICO has issued a Decision Notice regarding a Freedom of Information complaint against Dorset Police. The complainant requested information about two named officers, and Dorset Police applied a neither confirm nor deny (NCND) response under section 40(5) of FOIA. The Commissioner has determined that Dorset Police was correct to rely on this exemption and does not require the force to take any further steps.

Home Office FOI Request on Migrant Housing at RAF Scampton Partly Upheld

The ICO's decision notice dated 15 April 2026 concerns a freedom of information complaint regarding the housing of migrants at RAF Scampton. While the Home Office was entitled to refuse the request under section 14(1) of FOIA (vexatious requests) and regulation 12(4)(b) of the EIR (manifestly unreasonable request), the ICO found the Home Office failed in its duty to provide advice and assistance. The ICO requires the Home Office to either advise the complainant on how to refine the request to make it less burdensome, or explain why no practical means of refinement exists.

Cambridgeshire County Council FOIA Section 30(1) Investigation Exemption Upheld

The Information Commissioner's Office has upheld Cambridgeshire County Council's refusal to disclose information about a Trading Standards investigation under section 30(1)(b) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000. The Commissioner found that the public interest in maintaining the exemption outweighs the public interest in disclosure, and therefore no further steps are required of the Council. This decision confirms that investigative records held by local authorities may be withheld where disclosure would prejudice ongoing or prospective proceedings.

North East London ICB FOI Dentist Info Not Upheld

The Information Commissioner's Office has issued a Decision Notice in case IC-397588-D4P0, dated 15 April 2026, finding that NHS North East London Integrated Care Board (ICB) has complied with section 1(1) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000. The complaint, which concerned a request for information about a specific dentist, was not upheld. The ICO has determined that no further steps are required of the ICB.

Tower Hamlets FOI 3 Upheld, 30 Days

The ICO has upheld a complaint against the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, finding that the council holds Rapid Reviews relating to child deaths or serious injuries for the purposes of FOIA. The council had refused disclosure on the basis that the Tower Hamlets Safeguarding Children Partnership is not a public authority. The Commissioner ruled this argument fails because the information is held by the council for FOIA purposes. The council must issue a fresh response within 30 calendar days of the decision notice, dated 16 April 2026. Non-compliance may result in the Commissioner certifying this to the High Court as contempt of court.

Badsworth Parish Council FOI Complaint Upheld - SID Data Request

The ICO has upheld a freedom of information complaint against Badsworth Parish Council regarding a request for Speed Indicator Device (SID) data. The council failed to adequately ascertain whether it holds further information falling within the scope of the request. The Commissioner requires the council to conduct searches aimed at identifying all information within scope and either disclose this information to the complainant or issue a refusal notice that complies with FOIA. The council must also identify if a third party overseeing the unit holds any information on the council's behalf within scope. Failure to comply within 30 calendar days may result in the Commissioner making written certification of this fact to the High Court pursuant to section 54 of the Act.

Plymouth City Council FOI Decision Notice: Information Not Held, Not Upheld

The Information Commissioner's Office has issued a Decision Notice finding that Plymouth City Council correctly confirmed it did not hold information requested about a referendum relating to a proposed mayoral election. The council explained that any information relating to the matter would in any event be held by the Returning Officer, a separate legal entity. The Commissioner determined the council complied with section 1(1) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and does not require any further steps to be taken.

Wandsworth Council SEN FOI Request Not Upheld

The ICO reviewed a complaint against Wandsworth Borough Council regarding a Freedom of Information request for Special Educational Needs (SEN) processes and complaint management procedures. The council provided some information and directed the complainant to published sources but withheld remaining information under FOIA sections 21(1) and 22(1). The Commissioner found that section 21(1) was properly engaged at the time and the council does not hold additional relevant unpublished information, resulting in no breach of section 16(1) concerning advice and assistance. No steps are required of the council.

Estyn Vexatious FOI Request Complaint Not Upheld

The Information Commissioner's Office issued a decision on 15 April 2026 finding that a Freedom of Information request made to Estyn (Her Majesty's Inspectorate for Education and Training in Wales) was vexatious under section 14(1) of FOIA. The complainant had requested information about Estyn's complaint responses, prior FOIA disclosures, and inspection processes relating to a specific school. The Commissioner determined that Estyn was entitled to rely on the vexatious request exemption to refuse the request. No further action is required by either party.

HMRC FOI 40(2) Third Party Personal Data Decision Upheld

The Information Commissioner's Office has issued a Decision Notice upholding HMRC's reliance on section 40(2) of FOIA to withhold information about the persons who conducted an internal review of a previous information request. The complainant had sought to identify the reviewers, but the Commissioner determined that disclosing their identities would constitute unfair disclosure of third-party personal data. This decision confirms that public authorities may withhold details identifying staff involved in internal review processes where disclosure would breach data protection principles.

Bracknell Forest Borough Council FOI Complaint Not Upheld

The ICO has upheld Bracknell Forest Borough Council's reliance on section 40(2) of FOIA to withhold third-party personal information from a four-part FOI request concerning senior officers. The Commissioner also found on the balance of probabilities that the council does not hold the information sought in part 1 of the request, despite the complainant's dispute. No further steps are required of the council.

University of Suffolk FOI Exemption Upheld

The ICO issued a Decision Notice finding that the University of Suffolk correctly relied on section 40(2) of FOIA to withhold student nationality data requested by a complainant. The Commissioner determined that the exemption for third-party personal information was properly applied, and no further compliance steps are required from the University. The decision relates to nationality information for students attending specific courses between September 2016 and 7 April 2025.

Montenegro SEPA: 1.6B Euro Transactions, 3.8M Euro Savings

Six months of SEPA integration in Montenegro produced 82,213 transactions worth over 1.6 billion euros. Average international transaction fees fell 92% from 73.4 euros (SWIFT) to 6.21 euros (SEPA). Citizens and businesses have saved more than 3.8 million euros in fees, with projected annual savings of up to 14.6 million euros if all transactions migrate to SEPA. A World Bank February 2026 report confirmed Montenegro now has the lowest cross-border payment costs to the EU. An instant payments system (TIPS Clone) is scheduled to launch on July 20.

Assessing Changes in Gadoxetate Metabolism by the Liver Using MRI

Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust registered an observational clinical trial (NCT07541807) to assess dynamic gadoxetate-enhanced MRI as a liver imaging biomarker for measuring drug-drug interaction effects on liver cell transporters. The study aims to recruit 12 healthy volunteers aged 18 and older to confirm DGE-MRI utility using two drugs known to act on hepatic transporters. The trial is part of the EU/IMI-funded TRISTAN project for translational imaging in drug safety assessment.

Adult Disease Risk Prediction Using Wearables, Hearing, and Health Data

A prospective cohort study (NCT07541547) registered on ClinicalTrials.gov will recruit community-dwelling adults aged 18 and older in Taiwan to develop a personalized disease risk prediction model. Participants will wear a smartwatch for 2 weeks to collect continuous heart rate and physical activity data, undergo pure tone hearing testing, and provide access to personal health records and national health insurance databases for longitudinal follow-up. Machine learning methods will identify predictors and build risk prediction models combining wearable data, hearing measures, lifestyle factors, and medical records.

Peer Role-Play Simulation vs Case-Based Learning in Physical Therapy Education

NIH registered a clinical trial (NCT07541248) evaluating whether peer role-play simulation is superior to traditional case-based learning for undergraduate physiotherapy student professional development. The 12-week study will measure academic achievement, self-efficacy, and clinical readiness across both pedagogical approaches.

New Trial: Rutazyme Capsules, 40 Adults, Obesity, 12 Weeks

A new clinical trial has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT07540949. The study will evaluate a lemon fermented product capsule (Rutazyme) for metabolic health in 40 adults aged 18-65 with obesity over 12 weeks. Participants will be randomised to receive either the active capsule or a placebo capsule daily.

Aromatherapy vs Music Therapy for Anxiety in Children During Dental Radiography (NCT07542665)

NIH has registered a clinical trial on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07542665) evaluating the effects of aromatherapy and music therapy on anxiety levels in children undergoing their first intraoral radiographic examination. The randomized controlled trial assigns participants to four groups: combined aromatherapy and music, aromatherapy alone, music therapy alone, or standard care control. Anxiety is measured via the Facial Imaging Scale and pulse rate before and after the procedure, with enrollment status unspecified in the registry entry.