Legal Research

Amends Teacher Evaluation Regulation for Art Schools – Minister of Culture

The Minister of Culture and National Heritage of Poland issued Regulation No. 570 on April 20, 2026, amending the regulation on teacher evaluation in art schools. The amendment modifies the existing framework governing how teachers in art schools are assessed and evaluated. Art schools and their teaching staff will be subject to the updated evaluation criteria under this revised regulation.

Regulation of Minister of Finance and Economy Amending Reduced VAT Rates

The Minister of Finance and Economy published Regulation No. 573 in the Polish Official Journal (Dziennik Ustaw) on April 27, 2026, amending the regulation concerning reduced rates of value-added tax (VAT). The amendment modifies the existing VAT rate structure for reduced-rate goods and services. All businesses operating in Poland that charge or remit VAT must review their tax calculations and invoicing procedures to ensure compliance with the updated reduced VAT rates.

Poland Ratifies Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty With Indonesia, Signed Warsaw

Poland has ratified the Agreement between the Republic of Poland and the Republic of Indonesia on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, which was signed in Warsaw on 19 September 2025. The Act was passed on 13 March 2026 and published in the Journal of Laws (Dziennik Ustaw) under item 567 on 27 April 2026. This treaty establishes a formal framework for cross-border cooperation in criminal proceedings, including service of documents, exchange of evidence, and enforcement of judgments between the two states.

Poland Amends Anti-Communist Repression Victim Law

The Sejm of the Republic of Poland enacted amendments to the Act on Anti-Communist Opposition Activists and Persons Repressed for Political Reasons. The law, dated March 13, 2026, and published in the Official Journal (Dziennik Ustaw) under position 566 on April 27, 2026, modifies the legal framework governing rights and benefits for victims of communist-era political repression. The amendments likely affect eligibility criteria, scope of recognition, or entitlements available to anti-communist opposition activists and their families who suffered repression. Affected individuals should review the updated provisions to determine any changes to their recognized status or available remedies.

KPO Amendment: Support for Processing Agricultural and Food Products

The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development issued Regulation No. 564 on April 23, 2026, amending the regulation governing support for processing and marketing agricultural, food, fisheries, and aquaculture products under Poland's National Recovery and Resilience Plan (KPO). The amendment was published in Dziennik Ustaw on April 27, 2026. Eligible beneficiaries include producers and processors in the agricultural, food, and fisheries sectors seeking support for processing or placing products on the market.

Regulation on Detailed Scope of Compensatory Tax Information Data

The Minister of Finance and Economy issued Regulation No. 571 on 24 April 2026, published in the Polish Official Journal (Dziennik Ustaw) on 27 April 2026. The regulation establishes the detailed scope of data that must be contained in information returns regarding compensatory taxation (opodatkowanie wyrównawcze). This regulation defines reporting obligations for entities subject to compensatory tax arrangements, specifying the exact data fields and content requirements for these information returns.

Regulation Amending Storage Infrastructure Support for Farm Crisis Resilience Under KPO

The Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development issued Regulation No. 569 on April 23, 2026, amending the existing regulation on storage infrastructure support under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (KPO). The amendment modifies conditions for granting support aimed at increasing farm resilience to crises through improved storage infrastructure. The regulation was published in the Polish Official Journal (Dziennik Ustaw) on April 27, 2026.

Zarządzenie nr 8/2026 Prezesa NBP z dnia 23 kwietnia 2026 r. w sprawie ustalenia wzoru, stopu, masy i wielkości emisji monety o wartości nominalnej 5 zł, z serii „Odkryj Polskę" – Zespół pałacowo-parkowy w Kozłówce

Prezes Narodowego Banku Polskiego wydał Zarządzenie nr 8/2026 ustalające wzór, stop, masę i wielkość emisji monety kolekcjonerskiej o wartości nominalnej 5 zł. Moneta należy do serii „Odkryj Polskę" i przedstawia Zespół pałacowo-parkowy w Kozłówce. Dokument został opublikowany w Monitorze Polskim 2026 r. poz. 417 w dniu ogłoszenia 27 kwietnia 2026 r.

Maximum Liquid Fuel Prices at Stations, April 2026

The Minister of Energy issued an announcement establishing the maximum prices for liquid fuels at fuel stations in Poland. The document (Monitor Polski 2026 r. poz. 414) was published on April 27, 2026, and provides the official price caps applicable to retail fuel sales. This price control measure applies to all liquid fuel retail outlets operating in Poland.

Minister Revokes Company R&D Center Status

The Minister of Finance and Economy issued a decision on April 13, 2026, revoking a company's status as a research and development center (centrum badawczo-rozwojowe). The decision was published in Monitor Polski (Polish Monitor) position 415 on April 27, 2026. R&D center status in Poland confers certain tax advantages and public support benefits; its revocation means the company loses eligibility for associated incentives. The full details of the decision are contained in the attached official file.

10 zł Collectible Coin 'W Polskę Wierzę' - Polish National Community

The National Bank of Poland issued Order No. 7/2026 on April 23, 2026, establishing the design, sample, mass, and emission size of a 10 złoty commemorative coin from the 'W Polskę wierzę' (I Believe in Poland) series, titled 'Polska wspólnota narodowa' (Polish National Community). The order was published in Monitor Polski 2026, position 416 on April 27, 2026. The document includes a PDF attachment containing the full coin specifications.

BOE Issue 102 - April 27, 2026 Table of Contents

This is the daily table of contents for BOE Issue 102, published on April 27, 2026, listing all official documents published that day. The issue contains civil protection directives (meteorological phenomena, forest fires, flooding, dangerous goods transport), numerous government personnel appointments across ministries (Interior, Defence, Education, Science, Equality), renewable energy infrastructure decisions (photovoltaic plants, wind farms, storage), university faculty appointments (Universities of Málaga, Zaragoza, Córdoba, Granada, Salamanca), property registry resource decisions, public procurement notices from multiple ministries (Defence, Transports, Interior, Agriculture), water concessions from various hydraulic confederations, and court administration entries.

Forward v. Macomber - Ninth Circuit Affirms Sovereign Immunity Dismissal of RCRA Citizen Suit Against California Officials

Forward, Inc. brought a citizen suit under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) against California Department of Corrections Secretary Jeff Macomber and California Department of General Services Director Ana M. Lasso, alleging groundwater contamination from state facilities. The Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, holding that Forward failed to establish the requisite 'fairly direct' connection between the defendants and the alleged hazardous waste violations required to overcome Eleventh Amendment sovereign immunity under Ex parte Young. Judge Gould dissented, arguing that the defendants' supervisory control over the polluting agencies was sufficient to state a claim.

Hanan v. US Citizenship Immigration Services - Marriage Fraud Bar Affirmed

The Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's grant of summary judgment to the government, holding that 8 U.S.C. § 1154(c)(2) bars immediate relative classification when a noncitizen previously attempted or conspired to enter into a marriage for the purpose of evading immigration laws, regardless of whether any immigration benefit was sought based on that prior marriage. The panel further rejected plaintiffs' procedural due process challenge under Mathews v. Eldridge, finding that USCIS provided adequate process by giving plaintiffs four opportunities to respond before denying Gillum's I-130 petition and that requiring cross-examination of Hanan's ex-wife would not materially advance the accuracy of the decision.

John Doe v. Polis - Pseudonym Motion Granted

The United States District Court for the District of Colorado granted minor plaintiffs' motion to proceed under pseudonyms in this civil action against Colorado's Governor and the Executive Director of the Colorado Department of Human Services. The court found the case involves matters of a highly sensitive and personal nature, the plaintiffs are minors whose identities warrant protection under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2(a), and discovery will involve protected medical information. The court further ordered the Clerk of Court to update the docket to reflect the plaintiffs' pseudonymous identities going forward.

Muhammadjon Marufov v. Robert Hagan - Immigration Habeas Granted, Bond Hearing Ordered

The District Court for the District of Colorado granted in part a habeas corpus petition filed by Muhammadjon Marufov, a Tajikistani national detained at the Denver Contract Detention Facility, ruling that 8 U.S.C. § 1226 governs his detention rather than mandatory detention under 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b). The court ordered respondents to provide Marufov with a bond hearing within seven days, enjoined denial of bond based on § 1225(b)(2)(A), and required a status report within seven days of the hearing. The petition for immediate release was denied because the original 2024 arrest warrant authorized the 2025 re-detention under § 1226(b).

Denny's Service v. Unemployment Compensation Board of Review

Denny's Service, an auto body shop employer, appealed the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review's November 7, 2024 order granting UC benefits to a terminated mechanic. The Pennsylvania Commonwealth Court affirmed, holding that the employer failed to establish willful misconduct under Section 402(e) of the UC Law. The court credited the claimant's testimony that his absences were approved, that the owner condoned parking lot activities, and that he was discharged without cause while on approved leave. The court also rejected the employer's claim that the Board capriciously disregarded evidence, noting the Board resolved conflicting testimony in the claimant's favor and that substantial evidence supported the findings.

Millar v Queensland Police Service [2026] QCA 76

Doyle JA extended the deadline in paragraph 5 of the 25 March 2026 Order from 22 April to 4 pm on 29 April 2026, allowing applicant Andrew John Millar additional time to provide specified material. The court declined to order disclosure of which judges concurred in the February 2025 judgment, to add the Commissioner of Police as a respondent, or to require the Chief Justice to supervise the proceeding. Costs were reserved. The applicant indicated intent to seek recusal of certain Justices on 3 June 2026 hearing date.

R v DYV — Juvenile Murder Appeal Refused, 16-Year Sentence Upheld

A juvenile applicant who pleaded guilty to one count of murder, three counts of stealing, and one count of unlawful use of a motor vehicle had his appeal against a 16-year detention sentence dismissed by the Queensland Court of Appeal on 24 April 2026. The Court rejected both grounds of appeal — that the sentence was manifestly excessive compared to comparable authorities, and that the sentencing judge failed to consider the duration of the requisite intent to cause harm — finding no misapplication of principle and that the sentence fell within a sound exercise of discretion. The applicant was ordered released after serving 60% of the murder count under the Youth Justice Act 1992 (Qld).

R v Kostandy – Subsequent Appeal Dismissed, Evidence Not Compelling

The Queensland Court of Appeal dismissed Maged Sobhy Naguib Kostandy's application for leave to advance a subsequent appeal against his conviction on five counts of fraud, finding that the text message evidence he relied upon was not "compelling" within the meaning of s 671AB(6) of the Criminal Code. The applicant had previously appealed his conviction, which was dismissed on 11 October 2024. Bond JA, Brown JA, and Bleby AJA constituted the panel. Brown JA held that the three text messages (NJC-23, NJC-24, NJC-25) identified as "new and compelling" were neither reliable (two were in Arabic without independent translation) nor substantial or highly probative in the context of the disputed issues at trial. The application was dismissed on 24 April 2026.

Legal Tech Selection Guide for Lawyers

Jay McAllister of Paragon Tech presented at ABA TECHSHOW on evaluating legal technology and AI with a skeptical, results-driven approach. The session addresses vendor due diligence tied to lawyers' duty of competence, urging firms to understand the benefits and risks of new technology and to ask what large language model powers a tool and what primary legal data sources it uses to reduce hallucinations. McAllister describes Paragon's 'Leverage AI' framework, which begins with identifying a firm's limiting operational constraint, and shares a case study where a custom GPT cut discovery chronology work from over an hour to five minutes with human verification.

World IP Day 2026 Highlights IP for Sport

WIPO's April 2026 PCT Newsletter announces leadership transitions including Daren Tang's reappointment as Director General for a second six-year term beginning October 1, 2026, and Matthew Bryan's retirement after 33 years with the PCT Legal and User Relations Division. The newsletter issues a fraud warning about sophisticated emails impersonating WIPO and major IP offices using fake addresses such as admin@wipo-office.com to demand payments for IP-related services. Multiple PCT national office updates are included covering fee changes, procedural modifications, and contact information updates across Austria, Australia, Chile, Germany, Denmark, Spain, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Korea, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Sweden, Tunisia, and Uruguay, with Republic of Moldova set to become the 40th EPO Contracting State on June 1, 2026.

OHASHI v. OP PHARMACY LLC et al - Labor: Other

Civil employment dispute OHASHI v. OP PHARMACY LLC et al has been removed from Superior Court of Alameda County, Case No. 25CV137483, to the Northern District of California Oakland Division. OP PHARMACY LLC filed the notice of removal on April 23, 2026, identifying corporate parents PharMerica Corporation, Pharmacy Corporation of America, and PharMerica Holdings, Inc. The court issued an initial case management scheduling order noting the case may fall within Initial Discovery Protocols for Employment Cases Alleging Adverse Action.

Strike 3 Holdings LLC v. John Doe Subscriber Assigned IP Address 107.133.145.92

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC filed a copyright infringement complaint on April 24, 2026 in the Northern District of California against a John Doe defendant identified by IP address 107.133.145.92. The complaint seeks relief for federal copyright infringement. An Initial Case Management Conference has been scheduled for July 29, 2026 at 2:00 PM via videoconference in San Francisco, with Case Management Statements due by July 22, 2026.

Strike 3 Holdings LLC v. John Doe - Copyright Infringement, IP Address 134.16.45.238

Strike 3 Holdings, LLC filed a copyright infringement complaint on April 24, 2026 in the Northern District of California against a John Doe defendant identified by IP address 134.16.45.238. The court issued an Initial Case Management Scheduling Order setting the Case Management Statement deadline for July 21, 2026 and the Initial Case Management Conference for July 28, 2026 at 1:30 PM. Strike 3 Holdings disclosed General Media Systems, LLC as its corporate parent.

California et al v. Zeldin - Environmental APA Challenge Filed

California, Vermont, New York, Wisconsin, Massachusetts, and Oregon filed a civil complaint in the Northern District of California on April 24, 2026 against EPA Administrator Zeldin seeking declaratory and injunctive relief. The complaint challenges agency action under the Administrative Procedure Act, requesting vacatur of federal environmental regulations. Multiple states have filed pro hac vice motions for attorneys to appear in the case. An administrative motion for leave to file a motion for summary judgment was filed by California with responses due April 28, 2026.

Herring et al v. Google LLC - Civil Case, Federal Question

A civil case was filed in the Northern District of California on April 26, 2026, under case number 4:26-cv-03585. The matter was removed from Santa Clara County Superior Court (case number 24CV434675) to federal court by Google LLC. The plaintiff is listed as Herring et al, and the defendant is Google LLC, with the nature of suit categorized as Other Statutory Actions. A corporate disclosure statement was also filed identifying Alphabet Inc. and XXVI Holdings Inc. as corporate parents.

Roy et al v. Google LLC - Civil Case, Oakland, Filed April 26, 2026

Roy et al filed a civil action against Google LLC in the Northern District of California, Oakland division, on April 26, 2026. The case, styled as a Federal Question civil matter under Other Statutory Actions, has been assigned case number 4:26-cv-03586. Google LLC subsequently filed a Notice of Removal from Santa Clara County Superior Court, where the original state case bore number 24CV434671, with a filing fee of $405.

Valencia et al v. GOOGLE LLC - Civil Case Removed from State Court

Civil case Valencia et al v. Google LLC was filed on April 26, 2026 in the Northern District of California (case 4:26-cv-03583) and assigned to the Oakland courthouse. Google LLC filed a Notice of Removal from Santa Clara County Superior Court, case number 24CV434661, with a filing fee of $405. Google LLC also filed a Corporate Disclosure Statement identifying its corporate parents as Alphabet Inc. and XXVI Holdings Inc.

Rai et al v. Google LLC - Civil, Federal Question, Oakland

A civil action was filed by plaintiffs Rai et al against Google LLC in the Northern District of California, Oakland Division, on April 26, 2026. The case, filed as a Federal Question with Nature of Suit classified as Other Statutory Actions, was removed from Santa Clara County Superior Court (Case No. 24CV434678) to federal court via a Notice of Removal filed by Google LLC on the same date. Google LLC also filed a Corporate Disclosure Statement identifying its corporate parents as XXVI Holdings Inc., Holding Company of Google LLC, Alphabet Inc., and Holding Company of XXVI Holdings Inc. No substantive ruling or compliance obligation has been issued.

DEA Withdraws Marijuana Rescheduling Proposal

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has withdrawn its proposed rule to reschedule marijuana under the Controlled Substances Act. Marijuana remains classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, maintaining the most restrictive federal designation. There is no new compliance obligation imposed and no change to the current legal status of marijuana.

FRA Rule, Locomotive Engineer Qualification Standards

The Federal Railroad Administration has published a rule document on the Public Inspection desk concerning qualification and certification standards for locomotive engineers. The document is currently unpublished and scheduled for official publication on 04/28/2026. This rule will establish or modify requirements governing how railroad workers become certified to operate locomotives, affecting freight railroads, passenger rail services, and commuter rail operators across the United States.

2028 Medicaid HCBS Quality Measure Set

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has published a public inspection copy of the 2028 Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) Quality Measure Set. The document, unpublished and scheduled for official publication on 04/28/2026, represents a 52-page quality measurement framework for Medicaid HCBS programs. The measure set provides states with standardized quality measures for reporting and monitoring HCBS services under Medicaid.

HUD Proposes Equal Access to Housing Rule for LGBTQ Residents

HUD has published a proposed rule on Equal Access to Housing in Department of Housing and Urban Development Programs. The unpublished document, scheduled for official publication on 04/28/2026, is a 29-page regulatory proposal. The rule would strengthen equal access requirements for HUD-funded housing programs, with specific implications for protected classes including LGBTQ individuals. As a proposed rule, HUD is seeking public comment before finalizing any requirements.

DEA Reschedules FDA-Approved Marijuana Products From Schedule I to Schedule III

The DEA has published a direct final rule rescheduling FDA-approved products containing marijuana from Schedule I to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act, with a corresponding change to permit requirements. The rule is scheduled for official publication on April 28, 2026, and represents a significant regulatory shift in how certain marijuana-derived pharmaceutical products are classified under federal law. This change will affect manufacturers, healthcare providers, and patients who handle or use these specific FDA-approved controlled substance products.

FRA Proposes Conductor Qualification and Certification Competency Standards

The Federal Railroad Administration has issued a proposed rule to establish new competency standards for the qualification and certification of conductors in the railroad industry. The proposal addresses training, testing, and ongoing competency requirements that railroads must implement for conductor certification. This rulemaking would apply to all freight and passenger railroads operating under FRA jurisdiction.

Regulatory Relief to Allow Speeds Up to 45 MPH for Non-Traversable Curbs

The Federal Railroad Administration has issued an unpublished rule, scheduled for publication on April 28, 2026, providing regulatory relief to allow railroad operations at speeds up to 45 miles per hour on tracks with non-traversable curbs. The rule is currently available for public inspection in pre-publication form on the Federal Register website. Once officially published, the rule will provide legal notice to the public and judicial notice to the courts.

DEA Proposes Rescheduling Marijuana from Schedule I to Lower Schedule

The Drug Enforcement Administration has issued a proposed rule to reschedule marijuana from Schedule I to a lower schedule under the Controlled Substances Act. This unpublished Public Inspection document is scheduled for official publication on 04/28/2026. If finalized, this change would represent a significant reduction in regulatory restrictions on marijuana, affecting cannabis manufacturers, pharmaceutical companies, and other entities in the cannabis supply chain.

DOE EPS Service Parts Act Energy Conservation Rule

The Department of Energy has scheduled a rule titled 'Energy Conservation Program: Exempt Power Supplies under the EPS Service Parts Act' for publication on April 28, 2026. This public inspection document is being made available prior to official publication in the Federal Register. The full regulatory text and specific compliance requirements are contained in the PDF version available for download.

EPA Guidance on PFAS Destruction and Disposal

The EPA has prepared guidance on the destruction and disposal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), scheduled for publication in the Federal Register on April 28, 2026. The document is currently available for public inspection in unpublished form, with the official version to be published on the scheduled date. Until official publication, contents should be verified against the final Federal Register edition.

Non-Opposition: KOHLBERG/MONTAGU/TELEFLEX OEM BUSINESS (Case M.12301)

The European Commission published a non-opposition decision in Official Journal C on 27 April 2026 (C/2026/2448), clearing Case M.12301 involving KOHLBERG, MONTAGU, and TELEFLEX OEM BUSINESS. The Commission decided on 20 April 2026 not to oppose the notified concentration and declared it compatible with the internal market, based on Article 6(1)(b) of Council Regulation (EC) No 139/2004. The full decision text will be made public only in English after removal of any business secrets.

BCI / Brookfield / NBIM / Mustang AIV JV Merger - Non-Opposition Decision

On 20 April 2026, the European Commission issued a decision not to oppose the notified concentration involving BCI, Brookfield, NBIM, and Mustang AIV JV (Case M.12346), declaring the joint venture compatible with the internal market under Article 6(1)(b) of the EC Merger Regulation. The full decision text will be made publicly available after removal of any business secrets, accessible via the Competition policy website and EUR-Lex. This represents an unconditional merger clearance with no remedies, conditions, or ongoing obligations imposed on the parties.

Commission v Belgium – CJEU Rules on Failure to Transpose Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive Article 8(7)

The Court of Justice of the European Union (Fifth Chamber) issued judgment C-524/23 on 26 February 2026, finding the Kingdom of Belgium in breach of its EU law obligations. The Court held that Belgium failed to adopt the national laws, regulations, and administrative provisions necessary to comply with Article 8(7) of Council Directive (EU) 2016/1164 (Anti-Tax Avoidance Directive), which governs the computation of controlled foreign company (CFC) income and the requirement to allow taxpayers to deduct taxes paid by the controlled foreign company. The Kingdom of Belgium is ordered to bear its own costs and to pay the costs incurred by the European Commission; the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which intervened in support of Belgium, bears its own costs. This is the second CJEU judgment finding Belgium in breach for failing to transpose the ATAD.

Case C-804/25 - Request for Preliminary Ruling on International Data Transfers and GDPR Compatibility

The Cour d'appel de Bruxelles has referred 13 questions to the CJEU concerning the compatibility of Belgium's pre-GDPR international agreement (implementing US FATCA) with EU data protection law. The questions address whether older international agreements involving bulk automatic financial-data transfers to third countries comply with Directive 95/46/EC and the GDPR, including the adequacy of safeguards, data retention limits, reciprocity requirements, and whether Member States must renegotiate non-compliant treaties. The case implicates financial institutions that processed data of US nationals under FATCA arrangements.

WS v Frontex Grand Chamber Ruling on Agency Non-Contractual Liability

The Court of Justice (Grand Chamber) partially set aside the General Court's judgment in Case T-600/21 concerning Frontex's non-contractual liability for alleged fundamental rights breaches during a joint return operation. The CJEU found that the General Court erred in finding no causal link between Frontex's conduct and certain damages claimed by WS and five other individuals. The case has been referred back to the General Court for reconsideration of the causal link and damages assessment, while preserving the General Court's dismissal of certain procedural annexes.

Commission v Czech Republic — Digital Services Act Infringement Action

The European Commission has brought Case C-168/26 before the Court of Justice of the European Union against the Czech Republic for failing to transpose Articles 51 and 52 of Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 (Digital Services Act) into national law. The Commission sent a formal notice on 24 April 2024 and a reasoned opinion on 3 October 2024; the Czech Republic has not contested that it has failed to adopt the required measures. The Commission seeks a declaration of non-compliance and an order for the Czech Republic to pay costs.

Euro Exchange Rates — 24 April 2026

The European Commission published Official Journal reference C/2026/1414 containing official euro exchange rates for 24 April 2026. The rates, sourced from the European Central Bank, cover 31 currencies including major pairs such as USD (1.1712), GBP (0.86803), JPY (186.71), and CHF (0.9199). This notice serves as the authoritative official reference for euro conversion rates applicable on that date.

Banks v. Rymarciwisk - Inmate Ordered to Pay $1.57 Partial Filing Fee by May 11

US District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin ordered inmate plaintiff Leon Jovani Banks to pay an initial partial filing fee of $1.57 calculated from his inmate trust fund account statement pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). The payment must be submitted by May 11, 2026. If plaintiff fails to pay by the deadline or show cause why payment cannot be made, the court will assume plaintiff wishes to voluntarily withdraw this action, resulting in dismissal without prejudice under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a)(1)(A)(i).

Leon Jovani Banks Ordered to Pay $1.57 Inmate Filing Fee by May 11, 2026

US District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin assessed inmate plaintiff Leon Jovani Banks an initial partial filing fee of $1.57 under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). The court ordered Banks to submit a check or money order payable to the clerk of court by May 11, 2026, or advise the court in writing why payment cannot be made. Failure to comply by the deadline will result in dismissal without prejudice under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a)(1)(A)(i), with the possibility of reopening within 30 days of dismissal if the fee is paid.

Inmate Leon Jovani Banks Must Pay $1.57 Initial Partial Filing Fee by May 11, 2026

The United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin ordered plaintiff Leon Jovani Banks, a prisoner proceeding in forma pauperis, to pay an initial partial filing fee of $1.57 based on his certified inmate trust fund account statement. The court calculated the amount pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). Banks must submit payment by May 11, 2026, or advise the court why payment cannot be made. Failure to comply by the deadline will result in voluntary dismissal of the case without prejudice under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a)(1)(A)(i).