Legal Research

Secretary General Discusses Monaco Presidency Priorities

Secretary General Alain Berset visited Monaco on 9 April 2026 to meet with Prince Albert II, Princely Government officials, and the National Council President to discuss Monaco's forthcoming presidency of the Committee of Ministers, marking a first in the country's history from 15 May to 10 November 2026. Key priorities include protecting human rights for women, children, and young people; promoting sport as a tool for inclusion; and strengthening the rule of law and democratic security among the 46 Council of Europe member states. Berset emphasised the organisation's role in upholding the legal and democratic framework essential for lasting European security, with justice for Ukraine remaining a central concern.

Hungary Parliamentary Elections: Vibrant But Unequal Opportunities

International observers from OSCE and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe released a preliminary statement on 13 April 2026 following Hungary's 12 April parliamentary elections. The observers found record voter turnout and active citizen engagement, with candidates able to campaign freely. However, the ruling party benefited from systemic advantages including misuse of public office and resources, bias in monitored media coverage, and serious shortcomings in campaign finance regulation, undermining equal opportunities among contestants. The legal framework continues to fall short of OSCE commitments and international democratic election standards.

State Bar Joins Amicus Against Law Firm Orders

State Bar Joins Amicus Against Law Firm Orders

John Eastman Disbarred, 10 of 11 Charges Upheld

The California Supreme Court disbarred attorney John Charles Eastman on April 15, 2026, affirming State Bar Court findings that he was culpable of 10 of 11 charges for egregious and deceitful conduct. The court found that Eastman advanced false claims about the 2020 presidential election to mislead courts, public officials, and the American public through his legal filings and public advocacy.

Licensee Online Registration Portal Login Instructions

The South Dakota Real Estate Commission provides login credentials for its online registration portal. Licensees must use their last name combined with the last four digits of their Social Security Number as the username, and their full SSN without dashes as the default password. This is a procedural portal access guide with no regulatory obligations.

SD Real Estate Commission Website Navigation Index

The South Dakota Real Estate Commission website provides a navigation index containing links to commission information, consumer complaints, education requirements, licensing services, and guidance documents. The commission consists of five members appointed by the Governor pursuant to South Dakota Codified Law 36-21A-13, including three active real estate brokers and two public members.

South Dakota State Government Holiday Closures Schedule

The South Dakota Department of Labor and Regulation publishes the annual schedule of 10 legal holidays observed by state government offices, including New Year's Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Juneteenth, Independence Day, Labor Day, Native Americans Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. When a holiday falls on Saturday, the preceding Friday is observed; when it falls on Sunday, the following Monday is observed.

Consumer Complaints Filing Section

The South Dakota Real Estate Commission publishes informational content describing its complaint filing procedures for consumers alleging licensee misconduct. The page outlines that complainants must complete a written complaint form with supporting documentation, and that licensees must respond within 20 days of receipt in written affidavit form. The Commission may dismiss frivolous complaints, pursue informal consultation, or conduct a formal hearing. The Commission clarifies it has jurisdiction only over licenses and cannot force specific performance or recover damages.

South Dakota Real Estate Commission Firm Login Portal

The South Dakota Real Estate Commission maintains a firm login portal at sdrec.sd.gov for licensed real estate firms to access their accounts. The portal authenticates users using their firm license number as the username. The page provides contact information for the commission at 221 W. Capitol Ave., Suite 101, Pierre, SD 57501, with phone (605.773.3600), fax (605.773.7175), and email (dlr.realestate@state.sd.us). The page displays a copyright notice for 2024 by the South Dakota Department of Labor & Regulation.

Oregon Real Estate News-Journal Archive

The Oregon Real Estate Agency maintains an online archive of the Oregon Real Estate News-Journal (OREN-J), the agency's official quarterly publication distributed via email. The archive provides links to past issues spanning 2016 through March 2026, covering articles, special legislative editions, and regulatory updates relevant to Oregon real estate licensees and stakeholders.

New York Real Estate License Law Index Article 12-A Real Property Law

This index, published by the NY Department of State Division of Licensing Services, compiles the full text of Article 12-A Real Property Law governing real estate broker and salesperson licensing in New York State as of March 2026. The document includes the complete statutory definitions, license requirements, application procedures, and enforcement provisions (§§440–467), along with cross-references to related statutes including Real Property Law Articles 8 and 9, Property Condition Disclosure requirements, and applicable provisions of Executive Law and the United States Code. Real estate professionals and licensing applicants should use this index as the authoritative regulatory reference for New York real estate licensing law.

NYS Board of Real Estate, 15 Members, Est. 1996

The New York State Board of Real Estate is established pursuant to §442-i of the Real Property Law with 15 members: the Secretary of State, the Superintendent of DFS, and 13 appointed members (at least 5 must be real estate brokers). The Board must meet no fewer than three times annually and hold public hearings in New York City, Buffalo, and Albany. The Board has authority to prescribe examination content, approve schools for qualifying and continuing education, and make recommendations on pending legislation affecting real estate brokers and salespersons under Article 12-A.

Renew NY Real Estate Salesperson License Two-Year Term

The NY Department of State's Division of Licensing Services provides instructions for renewing a Real Estate Salesperson license, which is valid for two years. Licensees receive email and post card reminders three months before expiration, and must renew online through their eAccessNY account. A sponsoring broker is required for renewal eligibility, and name or address changes must be submitted via the DOS-1473 Change Notice form.

Real Estate Salesperson License Requirements: 77-Hour Education and Examination

The New York Real Estate Commission publishes licensing requirements for aspiring real estate salespersons in New York State. To obtain a license, applicants must be at least 18 years old, complete 77 hours of approved qualifying education, pass the NYS Real Estate Salesperson examination, and secure sponsorship from a licensed New York real estate broker. Additional requirements include possessing a current NYS photo driver's license or non-driver ID card. The 1.5-hour multiple-choice exam is based on the 77-hour pre-licensing curriculum, with exam results reported as pass or fail and valid for two years.

Approved Real Estate Qualifying Education Schools Directory

The New York Real Estate Commission publishes a directory of approximately 60 approved schools and institutions authorized to provide qualifying real estate education courses required for licensure in New York State. Schools are listed alphabetically across multiple New York regions including New York City, Long Island, Westchester, and upstate areas, with contact information provided for each institution. The directory includes both private real estate schools and educational institutions affiliated with public school districts, community colleges, and universities.

FRA Uncapitalized Equipment Worth $53M, Audit Finds

DOT OIG Audit FI2026024 found that the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) had not capitalized any of its eligible equipment worth up to $53 million. The audit of FRA's accountable personal property (APP) records identified that FASM contained inaccurate records for 21.82 percent of 13,190 items, and 99.6 percent of assets lacked acquisition documentation. FRA Order 4601.1E had not been updated since 1993 and does not comply with the Federal Personal Property Management Act of 2018. Eight recommendations were made to improve FRA's APP management.

Newsletter index listing Nevada real estate publications

Newsletter index listing Nevada real estate publications

ADR Services Overview - Nevada Real Estate Division

The Nevada Real Estate Division published an overview page for Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) services within the Common-Interest Community (CIC) program. The page provides navigation links to complaint filing, community manager certification, CIC registration, and program training resources. No new regulatory requirements, deadlines, or enforcement actions are established by this document.

Testing Services for Nevada Real Estate Licensing Exams

The Nevada Real Estate Commission (NV REC) publishes licensing exam testing information on its official website. The Testing Services page provides links to online services, license lookup, education resources, and exam-related guidance for prospective and current real estate licensees in Nevada. The page serves as a navigational hub to sub-pages covering initial requirements, renewals, and testing for multiple license types including salespersons, brokers, property managers, appraisers, and community managers.

Fisher v. Hampden - MTCA Immunity Appeal Dismissed

The Maine Supreme Judicial Court dismissed an interlocutory appeal filed by five municipalities (Hampden, Veazie, Orono, Old Town, and Brewer) seeking immunity under the Maine Tort Claims Act from a negligence claim by Amarylis Fisher, who was struck by a bus in Bangor in August 2020. The court held that material disputes of fact remain concerning whether the municipalities had "some measure of direct control" over the Community Connector bus or its driver, which is required to establish the motor-vehicle exception to governmental immunity under 14 M.R.S. § 8104-A(1)(A). Because the trial court—not the appellate court—must make those factual determinations, the supreme court could not resolve the immunity question and dismissed the appeal.

Estate of John M. Carter v. Ann C. Martin - Divorce Jurisdiction After Death

The Maine Supreme Judicial Court vacated a divorce judgment entered after John M. Carter's death on June 27, 2025, holding that the District Court lacked subject matter jurisdiction because a marriage automatically terminates at the death of either spouse. The court held that its signature is the defining moment for a judgment's finality under Rule 58, and since Carter died before the July 3, 2025 judgment was signed, no valid marriage existed for the court to dissolve. The nunc pro tunc notation did not preserve jurisdiction. The case is remanded for dismissal.

Adams v. Delong - Divorce Property Division, Airplane Valuation, LLC Dissolution

The Maine Supreme Judicial Court vacated portions of a District Court divorce judgment in Adams v. Delong (Docket Pen-24-587), finding the lower court erred in valuing a 2009 SeaRey airplane at $37,500 without supporting evidence and lacked jurisdiction to order dissolution of a jointly owned LLC. The court affirmed that the airplane was used for personal rather than business purposes and upheld findings regarding misuse of marital funds. The Bucksport real estate distribution was also vacated for reconsideration. The divorce judgment stands in all other respects.

Missouri Real Estate Commission Meeting Schedules 2025-2026

The Missouri Real Estate Commission has published its regular meeting schedules for 2025 and 2026, listing six meetings per year held on the first Wednesday of the designated month. All meetings are scheduled to begin at 8:00 a.m. in Jefferson City, Missouri, and are open to the public except where specifically closed pursuant to Sections 610.021 and 324.001, RSMo. The schedule includes meeting dates through December 2026.

Missouri Real Estate License Application Forms Directory

The Missouri Real Estate Commission published a directory of application forms for real estate licensure and related administrative actions. The listing includes forms for individual license applications, address or name changes, broker designations, continuing education credits, professional corporation applications, and certification requests. No new compliance obligations or regulatory changes are introduced; the document aggregates existing forms previously available to applicants and licensees.

Missouri DCI Email Alert Subscription Page

This page provides a GovDelivery subscription portal for Missouri Department of Commerce and Insurance (DCI) email and text alerts. Users can enter their contact information to subscribe to regulatory updates or manage existing preferences. No substantive regulatory content, obligations, or deadlines are contained on this page.

Missouri Real Estate Commission Rules and Statutes Directory

The Missouri Real Estate Commission provides this directory page as a reference guide to its official rules and statutes. It links to the Commission's up-to-date Rule Book PDF, direct access to Missouri Secretary of State Code of State Regulations Division 2250, and Missouri Revised Statutes Chapter 339. The page serves as an access point for licensees, compliance officers, and legal professionals seeking current Missouri real estate regulatory requirements.

Missouri Real Estate Commission Licensing, Renewal, and Regulatory Resources

The Missouri Real Estate Commission maintains a newsletter webpage providing licensing, renewal, and regulatory resources for real estate professionals. The page currently links to two PDF newsletters dated January 1, 2023 and January 1, 2022, with file sizes of 2093 KB and 4098 KB respectively. Both documents were last modified on June 20, 2024.

Board Meeting Scheduled for April 21, 2026

The Massachusetts Board of Registration of Real Estate Brokers and Salespersons has scheduled a remote meeting for April 21, 2026 at 10:00am. The meeting will be conducted entirely online, allowing participants to join via computer, laptop, or smartphone. The agenda has been published separately for those wishing to review the items to be discussed.

Massachusetts Real Estate Board Remote Meeting April 21 2026

The Massachusetts Board of Registration of Real Estate Brokers and Salespersons has scheduled a remote public meeting for April 21, 2026 at 10:00am Eastern Time via Microsoft Teams. The agenda includes review of broker applications (Michael Ayoub), discussion of education subcommittee item RE71C11 on International Real Estate and Brokerage Practices, and closed executive sessions for personnel matters and complaint case settlement discussions. No new regulatory obligations or policy changes are being adopted at this meeting.

April Commission Meeting Scheduled for April 23, 2026

The Louisiana Real Estate Commission announced its April commission meeting scheduled for April 23, 2026, to be held at the LREC Office Hearing Room. The meeting agenda will be posted 24 hours prior to the meeting start time on the commission's website.

Commission Meeting - June 18, 2026

The Louisiana Real Estate Commission announces a commission meeting scheduled for June 18, 2026 at the LREC Office Hearing Room. The meeting agenda will be posted 24 hours before the meeting start time on the LREC website. This is a routine administrative meeting announcement with no regulatory changes or compliance obligations.

LREC Office Closed May 25th for Memorial Day

The Louisiana Real Estate Commission announces its office will be closed on Monday, May 25, 2026 in observance of Memorial Day. Normal business operations will resume on Tuesday, May 26, 2026. This is an administrative notice regarding agency operating hours with no regulatory or compliance implications.

Commission Meeting Scheduled for May 28, 2026 at LREC Office

The Louisiana Real Estate Commission announces a commission meeting scheduled for May 28, 2026, to be held at the LREC Office Hearing Room. The meeting agenda will be posted 24 hours before the scheduled start time on the LREC website.

Young v. Toberman - Affirms Vacation of Default Judgment

The Washington Court of Appeals, Division One affirmed the superior court's denial of Matthew Young's motion to revise a commissioner's decision vacating a default judgment of approximately $47,000 entered against Harold and Brenda Toberman. The court held that substantial evidence supported the finding that Tobermans' failure to timely respond was attributable to their attorney's mistake (misaddressing a letter), and that Young would not suffer substantial hardship from vacating the judgment given the attorney fees already awarded to him. The court applied the four-part White test and rejected Young's arguments regarding excusable neglect and burden shifting.

Mukhammadjonov v. State of Washington - Community Custody Geographic Boundary Condition Appeal

The Court of Appeals of Washington, Division One, affirmed a community custody condition requiring Abdurakhmon Mukhammadjonov to remain within geographic boundaries as set by his Community Custody Officer, rejecting his claim that the condition is unconstitutionally vague. The court followed its prior decision in State v. Lundstrom, which held that a person of ordinary intelligence can understand that they must adhere to any geographic restrictions a CCO sets forth in writing. The court also found the challenge ripe for review since the vagueness issue was primarily legal and required no further factual development.

Bedell v. Iles - Pro Se Personal Injury Appeal Dismissed for Non-Appearance

The Washington Court of Appeals, Division One, affirmed the trial court's dismissal with prejudice under CR 40(d) of Julie A. Bedell's personal injury lawsuit against Esther and David Iles. Bedell, appearing pro se, failed to appear on the scheduled trial date of February 4, 2025, after the court had already granted one prior continuance and denied her subsequent emergency motion for continuance. The appellate court found no error in the trial court's management of the case, which had been pending for nearly eight years since the 2016 motor vehicle incident.

Christianson v. Harris - Permanent DVPO Affirmed on Appeal

James Christianson appealed a superior court order granting Lawrina Harris a permanent domestic violence protection order (DVPO) against him and denying his petition for a DVPO against her. The Court of Appeals of Washington, Division One, consolidated case nos. 86079-8-I and 87284-2-I, affirmed both rulings on September 30, 2024. The appellate court found substantial evidence supported the superior court's finding that Christianson committed domestic violence against Harris through unlawful harassment, including sending derogatory materials to Harris's home and contacting people in her life to malign her.

Van Leeuwen v. City of Burien - Dog Bite Negligence Claims Affirmed

The Washington Court of Appeals affirmed dismissal of Matthijs van Leeuwen's negligence claims against the City of Burien and Burien Cares arising from a dog bite incident at a Burien park. The superior court had dismissed the claims on CR 12(b)(6) motions, finding them barred by the public duty doctrine, which requires a plaintiff to show a duty owed specifically to them rather than the public generally. Van Leeuwen argued the City failed to warn about dangerous dogs and Burien Cares failed to classify a dog as dangerous. The appellate court agreed with the lower court that neither defendant owed Van Leeuwen a cognizable duty, and that exceptions to the public duty doctrine did not apply.

Anderson v. Seattle Athletic Club - Appeal Dismissed for Failure to Cite Authority

The Court of Appeals of Washington, Division One, dismissed Ryan Anderson's appeal of Seattle Athletic Club's dismissal order. The court held that Anderson, appearing pro se, failed to provide argument with citations to the record and legal authority as required by RAP 10.3(a)(6), and made no developed argument regarding the substantive claims. The court declined to address Anderson's challenges and dismissed the appeal with prejudice.

North Education Council Seeks Member, Idaho, July 14th

The Idaho Real Estate Commission is accepting applications for an Education Council member from the North District covering Idaho, Lewis, Nez Perce, Clearwater, Latah, Benewah, Boundary, Shoshone, Kootenai, and Bonner counties. The appointment is for a four-year term commencing July 14, 2026, with applications due by 5:00 p.m. MT on June 22, 2026. The Education Council serves as an advisory body responsible for real estate education policy and course content quality for all education courses approved by the Commission.

Anubis Anti-Bot Protection Challenge Page

BAILII has deployed Anubis, a Proof-of-Work anti-bot system modelled on Hashcash, to protect its servers against AI scraping. The system imposes computational overhead that is negligible for individual users but significant at scale, making mass scraping more expensive. The page is a temporary placeholder while more sophisticated fingerprinting techniques for headless browsers are developed. BAILII notes that JavaScript-dependent plugins like JShelter will need to be disabled for the domain to function properly.

Bot Verification Challenge Page - EUECJ 2026/T19025

This BAILII web page presents a bot-verification challenge (Anubis proof-of-work) triggered when automated access is detected. The page explains that Anubis uses a Hashcash-style proof-of-work scheme to increase the cost of mass web scraping, and notes it requires modern JavaScript. The actual case content (EUECJ 2026/T19025) is inaccessible without completing the verification. No regulatory obligations, deadlines, or penalties are contained in this page.

Bot Verification Page Blocks Access to EUECJ Case T58924

BAILII is displaying a bot verification challenge (Anubis proof-of-work) on its EUECJ case page at /eu/cases/EUECJ/2026/T58924.html. The page explains that the anti-scraping mechanism is intended to burden mass AI scrapers while remaining negligible for legitimate users. No substantive case content, ruling, or regulatory text is accessible through this verification page.

Anti-Bot Challenge Blocks Access to EUECJ Case C59023

The BAILII legal database has deployed an anti-bot protection system (Anubis) using Proof-of-Work challenges to prevent AI companies from scraping its content. Users encountering the challenge see a technical page explaining that the protection is designed to make mass scraping economically costly while legitimate users with modern JavaScript should be able to access content normally.

Anubis Bot Verification Blocks Access to ECHR Case 2026/62

This BAILII URL for ECHR Case 2026/62 returns an Anubis proof-of-work bot verification challenge instead of the actual case text. The page explains that the European Court of Human Rights database uses a Hashcash-style proof-of-work scheme to deter automated scraping by AI companies, which causes downtime affecting legitimate access. The technical barrier page instructs users to disable JavaScript-blocking extensions such as JShelter to proceed.

Live Nation Found to Be Illegal Monopoly in Jury Trial

Following a six-week antitrust trial, a New York jury returned a verdict finding Live Nation Entertainment Inc. to be a monopolist in its concert and ticketing dealings, handing victory to Attorney General Todd Rokita and allied plaintiffs on all counts. After the U.S. Department of Justice reached a settlement with Live Nation during the first week of trial, 33 states and the District of Columbia continued litigation, which concluded with the jury finding Live Nation liable as an illegal monopoly.

Les Mills Case Study: Early IP Protection Fueled Global Fitness Brand Growth

IPONZ published an article profiling Les Mills International's use of intellectual property protection to grow from a New Zealand gym concept into a global fitness brand. The article discusses how Les Mills registered patents, designs, and trade marks including protecting the three-dimensional shape of SMART TECH equipment as trade marks. The company now holds nearly 1,600 trade marks worldwide and equipment is used by more than 700,000 people globally.

NC AG Jackson Wins Live Nation/Ticketmaster Antitrust Case on All Claims

After a seven-week trial, a jury found in favor of North Carolina Attorney General Jeff Jackson and 33 other attorneys general, holding Live Nation and Ticketmaster liable on all counts for illegally monopolizing the ticketing and large amphitheater markets for live entertainment events. The jury verdict rejects a prior U.S. Department of Justice settlement that the AGs said failed to address sky-high ticket prices. The case now proceeds to a second phase where the judge will determine remedies to break Live Nation's monopoly hold on the live entertainment industry.

AG Jeff Jackson Warns North Carolinians About Tax Day Scams

North Carolina Attorney General Jeff Jackson issued a consumer advisory on April 15, 2026 warning residents about Tax Day scams. The advisory identifies fake IRS websites that mimic official pages to steal personal information, and phone scams demanding immediate payment via gift cards, cryptocurrency, or wire transfers. The AG also warns of tax refund theft and directs victims to IRS Form 14039 and IdentityTheft.gov for remediation.