UK GDPR and Data Protection Act 2018 Overview
Summary
The Information Commissioner's Office published a guide explaining the UK's data protection framework under the UK General Data Protection Regulation and the Data Protection Act 2018. The guide covers the seven data protection principles that organisations must follow when handling personal data, including requirements for fairness, lawfulness, transparency, data minimisation, accuracy, storage limitation, and security. It also outlines individual rights under the legislation and provides contact details for the ICO.
What changed
The Information Commissioner's Office published this overview page explaining the UK's data protection legislation framework. The guide restates the seven data protection principles: data must be used fairly, lawfully, and transparently; for specified explicit purposes; in an adequate, relevant, and limited manner; accurately and kept up to date; kept only as long as necessary; and handled with appropriate security. It also notes stronger protections for sensitive information categories including race, ethnic background, political opinions, religious beliefs, genetics, biometrics, health, and sex life or orientation.
Organisations and government departments that process personal data should use this guide as a reference for understanding their baseline obligations under UK GDPR and the Data Protection Act 2018. The ICO notes it enforces these rules and can be contacted for advice or to make a complaint about an organisation's data handling practices.
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Apr 20, 2026GovPing captured this document from the original source. If the source has since changed or been removed, this is the text as it existed at that time.
Data protection
The UK's data protection legislation
Data protection legislation controls how your personal information is used by organisations, including businesses and government departments.
In the UK, data protection is governed by the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) and the Data Protection Act 2018.
Everyone responsible for using personal data has to follow strict rules called ‘data protection principles’ unless an exemption applies. There is a guide to the data protection exemptions on the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) website.
Anyone responsible for using personal data must make sure the information is:
- used fairly, lawfully and transparently
- used for specified, explicit purposes
- used in a way that is adequate, relevant and limited to only what is necessary
- accurate and, where necessary, kept up to date
- kept for no longer than is necessary
handled in a way that ensures appropriate security, including protection against unlawful or unauthorised processing, access, loss, destruction or damage
There is stronger legal protection for more sensitive information, such as:race
ethnic background
political opinions
religious beliefs
trade union membership
genetics
biometrics (where used for identification)
health
sex life or orientation
There are separate safeguards for personal data relating to criminal convictions and offences.
Your rights
Under the legislation, you have rights in relation to your personal data, with some exceptions. These include the right to:
- be informed about how your data is being used
- access personal data
- have incorrect data updated
- have data erased
- stop or restrict the processing of your data
- data portability (allowing you to get and reuse your data for different services)
object to how your data is processed in certain circumstances
You also have rights when an organisation is using your personal data for:automated decision-making processes (without human involvement)
profiling, for example to predict your behaviour or interests
If you’re concerned about how an organisation is handling your personal data
Contact the ICO for advice or to make a complaint.
ICO
Telephone: 0303 123 1113
Textphone: 18001 0303 123 1113
Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm
Find out about call charges
Information Commissioner’s Office
Wycliffe House
Water Lane
Wilmslow
Cheshire
SK9 5AF
You can find more contact details on the ICO website.
View a printable version of the whole guide
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