Jump To

Top Caption Trial Court Document

Support FLP

CourtListener is a project of Free
Law Project, a federally-recognized 501(c)(3) non-profit. Members help support our work and get special access to features.

Please become a member today.

Join Free.law Now

Jan. 16, 2026 Get Citation Alerts Download PDF Add Note

Angee Harrington and Lauren Arndt, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated v. Vineyard Vines, LLC

District Court, W.D. Washington

• Citations: None known
• Docket Number: 2:25-cv-01115

• Precedential Status: Unknown Status

• Opinion

• Authorities (5)

• Cited By (0)

• Summaries (0)

• Similar Cases (0)

• PDF

Trial Court Document

1

2

3

4

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

5

WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON

AT SEATTLE

6

7 ANGEE HARRINGTON and LAUREN

ARNDT, individually and on behalf of

8 all others similarly situated,

9 Plaintiffs, C25-1115 TSZ

10 v. MINUTE ORDER

11 VINEYARD VINES, LLC,

12 Defendant.

13 The following Minute Order is made by direction of the Court, the Honorable
Thomas S. Zilly, United States District Judge:

14

(1) Defendant’s motion for reconsideration, docket no. 41, is DENIED.

15 Defendant accuses the Court of evaluating defendant’s federal preemption contention
under the “wrong standard,” arguing that it should have been analyzed as an “as-applied”
16 attack on the state statute at issue, Washington’s Commercial Electronic Mail Act
(“CEMA”), rather than as a “facial” challenge. See Def.’s Mot. at 1–3 (docket no. 41).

17 Defendant did not, however, mention the terms “as-applied” or “facial” in its motion to
dismiss, and it did not cite the 18-year-old authority on which it now relies, namely Silvas
18 v. E*Trade Mortgage Corp., 514 F.3d 1001 (9th Cir. 2008), in either its motion or its
reply. See Def.’s Mot. (docket no. 26); Def.’s Reply (docket no. 32). Defendant offers
19 no excuse for failing to bring Silvas or defendant’s related theory to the Court’s attention
earlier. See Local Civil Rule 7(h)(1). More importantly, the distinction defendant now
20 attempts to draw between an “as-applied” and a “facial” challenge to CEMA finds no
support in Silvas or other preemption jurisprudence. As explained in Silvas, federal law
21 may preempt state law in one of three ways: (i) via Congress’s express terms; (ii) by
inferring from such pervasive federal regulation in a particular field Congress’s intent to
22 leave no room for the States to legislate; or (iii) by implication when a state statute
1 actually conflicts with federal law. Silvas, 514 F.3d at 1004 (quoting Bank of Am. v. City
& Cnty. of S.F., 309 F.3d 551, 558 (9th Cir. 2002)). In Silvas, the state law at issue was
2 analyzed under “field preemption,” id. (emphasis in original), which required an
examination of how the state law was applied, see id. at 1006 & 1008.1 In contrast, in
3 this case, defendant asserted that CEMA is expressly preempted by the Controlling the
Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act (“CAN-SPAM”), but

4 defendant’s argument was found lacking in merit because CAN-SPAM contains an
explicit exception for state laws that prohibit “falsity or deception in any portion of a
5 commercial electronic mail message or information attached thereto.” 15 U.S.C.
§ 7707 (b)(1). CEMA’s ban on commercial emails containing “false or misleading
6 information in the subject line,” RCW 19.190.020(1)(b), falls squarely within the area
that Congress reserved to the States, see Ma v. Nike, Inc., --- F. Supp. 3d ---, 2026 WL
7 100731, at *2 (W.D. Wash. Jan. 14, 2026), and the “as applied” versus “facial”
dichotomy has no role to play in the proper preemption analysis for this matter. The
8 other grounds raised by defendant in its motion for reconsideration merely repeat what
defendant said in its motion to dismiss and the Court has already rejected.2
9

10

11 1 The reasoning in Silvas is limited to field preemption in the context of the Home Owners’ Loan
Act, see Beaver v. Tarsadia Hotels, 816 F.3d 1170, 1180 & n.5 (9th Cir. 2016), and the Office of
12 Thrift Supervision regulation on which the Silvas Court relied to find field preemption, 12 C.F.R.
§ 560.2, has since been repealed, see McShannock v. JP Morgan Chase Bank NA, 976 F.3d 881,
13 885 n.3 (9th Cir. 2020).

2 As previously indicated by the Court, defendant’s reliance on Gordon v. Virtumundo, Inc., 575 14 F.3d 1040 (9th Cir. 2009) [hereinafter “Virtumundo”], as well as Omega World Travel, Inc. v.
Mummagraphics, Inc., 469 F.3d 348 (4th Cir. 2006), and Martin v. CCH, Inc., 784 F. Supp. 2d
15 1000 (N.D. Ill. 2011), is misplaced. See Harrington v. Vineyard Vines, LLC, --- F. Supp. 3d ---, 2025 WL 3677479, at *1 & n.2 (W.D. Wash. Dec. 18, 2025). In Virtumundo, the Ninth Circuit
16 did not address whether CAN-SPAM preempts the subsection of CEMA that is at issue in this
matter. Id. at *1. Omega did not concern CEMA, but rather an Oklahoma statute that “reach[ed]
17 beyond common law fraud or deceit,” prohibiting inter alia emails that contained “malicious”
information. 469 F.3d at 353 (emphasis added). Likewise, Martin did not involve CEMA, but
18 instead an Illinois law pursuant to which the plaintiff asserted that the subject lines failed to
disclose the “‘secret’ ‘information-harvesting’ purpose of the emails” at issue, and that, had he
been warned opening the emails would allow the defendant to gather data about him, he would
19

have deleted the emails without reading them. See 784 F. Supp. 2d at 1007. In contrast to the
case before the Court, in Martin, the plaintiff did not allege that the subject lines of the emails at
20 issue included false or misleading information. See id. at 1007–08 & n.3. In its motion for
reconsideration, defendant for the first time cites Ferguson v. Quinstreet, Inc., No. C07-5378,
21 2008 WL 3166307 (W.D. Wash. Aug. 5, 2008), aff’d sub nom. Ferguson v. Active Response
Grp., 348 F. App’x 255 (9th Cir. 2009), which is distinguishable because it addresses a different
22 provision of CEMA than the one at issue in this action.

1 (2) Defendant’s request that the Court certify this matter for interlocutory
appeal is DENIED because “substantial ground for difference of opinion” does not exist,
2 and an immediate appeal would not “materially advance the ultimate termination of the
litigation.” See 28 U.S.C. § 1292 (b).

3

(3) The Clerk is directed to send a copy of this Minute Order to all counsel of
4 record.

Dated this 16th day of January, 2026.

5

6

Joshua C. Lewis

Clerk

7

s/Grant Cogswell

8

Deputy Clerk

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22