PHMSA Direct Final Rule: Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Integrity Management Appendix C

Content

ACTION:

Direct final rule (DFR); request for comments.

SUMMARY:

This DFR makes corrections and clarifications to certain guidance for implementing an integrity management program on hazardous
liquid and carbon dioxide pipelines.

DATES:

The DFR is effective August 3, 2026, unless adverse comments are received by June 23, 2026. If adverse comments are received,
notification will be published in the
Federal Register
before the effective date withdrawing the rule and publishing a notice of proposed rulemaking to provide an additional opportunity
for public comment.

ADDRESSES:

You may submit comments identified by the Docket Number PHMSA-2026-1520 using any of the following methods:

E-Gov Web: https://www.regulations.gov. This site allows the public to enter comments on any
Federal Register
notice issued by any agency. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments.

Mail: Docket Management System: U.S. Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140,
Washington, DC 20590-0001.

Hand Delivery: U.S. DOT Docket Management System: West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, between 9 a.m. and
5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.

Fax: 1-202-493-2251.

For commenting instructions and additional information about commenting, see
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Sayler Palabrica, Transportation Specialist, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590, 202-744-0825, sayler.palabrica@dot.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Discussion

Through this DFR, PHMSA is making corrections and clarifications to Appendix C to 49 CFR part 195. Appendix C provides guidance
to operators for implementing integrity management (IM) requirements in §§ 195.450-195.454. This includes guidance on conditions
an operator should consider when determining whether a hazardous liquid pipeline is located in or could-affect a High-Consequence
Area (HCA), and therefore subject to IM requirements. It also includes guidance on identifying threats to the integrity of
a pipeline.

This DFR finalizes revisions proposed in a prior deregulatory effort published in 2020 (85 FR 21140 (Apr. 16, 2020)) and addresses
comments received in that proceeding. In response to a 2017 Notification of Regulatory Review (82 FR 45750 (Oct. 2, 2017)),
stakeholders raised concerns with the guidance for considering the possibility of spilled product migrating via drainage tiles
when determining whether a pipeline crossing an agricultural field could affect an HCA. In the same comment, stakeholders
suggested that the guidance to consider physical support, operating pressure, and natural forces that are currently listed
in the guidance for identifying HCAs should instead be listed with the guidance for identifying threats to pipeline integrity.

In the 2020 NPRM, PHMSA proposed to address these comments by clarifying that the recommended consideration of agricultural
drainage tiles is based on information and knowledge available to the operator. PHMSA also proposed to relocate the guidance
to consider the physical support of the pipeline, maximum operating pressure exceedances, and natural force damage caused
by earth movement or seismicity from the guidance for identifying segments that could-affect HCAs in section I.B of Appendix
C to the guidance on identifying threats in section II.A. Finally, PHMSA proposed to clarify at the beginning of Appendix
C that the document provides non-binding guidance, but if an operator incorporates it into their IM program, then they would
have to comply with it. Public comments submitted in response to the NPRM were generally supportive of clarifying guidance,
however a group of stakeholders commented that PHMSA must emphasize the need for site-specific flexibility and that the appendix
is non-enforceable guidance (Docket No. PHMSA-2018-0047-0029). This proposal was otherwise non-controversial.

To address concerns raised by comments in response to the 2020 NPRM, this DFR omits language from the 2020 NPRM that suggested
that Appendix C became mandatory if an operator elects to incorporate it into their IM programs or operations and maintenance
(O&M) manuals. Appendix C remains non-binding guidance. While an operator is required to follow their written O&M manuals
and IM programs, incorporating portions of Appendix C does not make any other portion of that document enforceable, nor is
an operator prohibited from modifying elements in Appendix C when they choose to adapt them to their facility's IM plan provided
it meets the minimum requirements in Part 195.

Commenting Instructions: Please include the docket number PHMSA-2026-1520 at the beginning of your comments. If you submit your comments by mail, submit
two copies. If you wish to receive confirmation that PHMSA received your comments, include a self-addressed stamped postcard.
Internet users may submit comments at https://www.regulations.gov.

Note:

Comments are posted without changes or edits to https://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided. There is a privacy statement published on https://www.regulations.gov.

Privacy Act: In accordance with 5 U.S.C. § 553(c), DOT solicits comments from the public to inform its rulemaking process. DOT posts these
comments, without edit, including any personal information the commenter provides, to https://www.regulations.gov, as

described in the system of records notice (DOT/ALL-14 FDMS), which can be reviewed at https://www.dot.gov/privacy.

Confidential Business Information: Confidential Business Information (CBI) is commercial or financial information that is both customarily and actually treated
as private by its owner. Under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA, 5 U.S.C. § 552), CBI is exempt from public disclosure.
It is important that you clearly designate the comments submitted as CBI if: your comments responsive to this document contain
commercial or financial information that is customarily treated as private; you actually treat such information as private;
and your comment is relevant or responsive to this notice. Pursuant to 49 CFR 190.343, you may ask PHMSA to provide confidential
treatment to information you give to the agency by taking the following steps: (1) mark each page of the original document
submission containing CBI as “Confidential;” (2) send PHMSA, along with the original document, a second copy of the original
document with the CBI deleted; and (3) explain why the information that you are submitting is CBI. Submissions containing
CBI should be sent to Sayler Palabrica, Office of Pipeline Safety, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration
(PHMSA), 2nd Floor, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20590-0001, or by email at sayler.palabrica@dot.gov. Any materials PHMSA receives that are not specifically designated as CBI will be placed in the public docket.

Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or comments received, go to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for accessing the docket. Alternatively, you may review the documents in person at the street
address listed above.

II. Regulatory Analysis and Notices

A. Legal Authority

This direct final rule is published under the authority of the Secretary of Transportation as set forth in the Federal Pipeline
Safety Laws (49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.) and delegated to the PHMSA Administrator pursuant to 49 CFR 1.97. Upon evaluation, and for the reasons explained above,
PHMSA has determined that this direct final rule is unlikely to elicit significant adverse comment. See 49 U.S.C. 60102(b)(6)(A); 49 CFR 190.339. PHMSA similarly finds that publication of a proposed rulemaking on which comment
is solicited would be “unnecessary” pursuant to section 553(b)(B) of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.) because this rulemaking merely adopts language previously recommended by stakeholders in response to a 2020 NPRM. Lastly,
PHMSA notes that the amendments to Appendix C adopted in this rulemaking are more consistent with the non-binding character
of that guidance to its IM regulations than alternative language that PHMSA had proposed in the 2020 NPRM.

B. Executive Order 12866

E.O. 12866, Regulatory Planning and Review, as implemented by DOT Order 2100.6B (“Policies and Procedures for Rulemaking”) and DOT Order 2100.7 (“Ensuring Reliance upon
Sound Economic Analysis in Department of Transportation Policies, Programs, and Activities”), requires agencies to regulate
in the “most cost-effective manner,” to make a “reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation justify
its costs,” and to develop regulations that “impose the least burden on society.” In arriving at those conclusions, E.O. 12866
requires that agencies should consider “both quantifiable measures . . . and qualitative measures of costs and benefits that
are difficult to quantify” and “maximize net benefits . . . unless a statute requires another regulatory approach.” E.O. 12866
also requires that “agencies should assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives, including the alternative
of not regulating.” DOT Order 2100.6B directs that PHMSA and other Operating Administrations must generally choose the “least
costly regulatory alternative that achieves the relevant objectives” unless required by law or compelling safety need. DOT
Order 2100.6B also specifies that regulations should generally “not be issued unless their benefits are expected to exceed
their costs.” DOT Order 2100.7 requires that “all rulemaking activities shall be based on sound economic principles and analysis
supported by rigorous cost-benefit requirement.”

E.O. 12866 and DOT Order 2100.6B also require that PHMSA submit “significant regulatory actions” to the Office of Information
and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) within the Executive Office of the President's Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review.
This direct final rule is a not significant regulatory action pursuant to E.O. 12866; OMB also has not designated this rule
as a “major rule” as defined by the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.).

PHMSA has complied with the procedural and analytical requirements in E.O. 12866 as implemented by DOT Order 2100.6B and DOT
Order 2100.7. In so doing, PHMSA has determined that this direct final rule will result in minimal cost savings by reducing
regulatory uncertainty for pipeline facility operators in developing and implementing their IM plans. The cost savings of
this rulemaking could not be quantified because PHMSA lacks information on operators' baseline practices and how many fewer
surveys would be required following this guidance. PHMSA also determined that this final rule will not have any adverse safety
effects.

C. Executive Orders 14192 and 14219

This final rule will be a deregulatory action pursuant to E.O. 14192, Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation. PHMSA estimates that the total costs of the rule on the regulated community will be less than zero. Nor does this rulemaking
implicate any of the factors identified in section 2(a) of E.O. 14219, Ensuring Lawful Governance and Implementing the President's “Department of Government Efficiency” Deregulatory Initiative, indicative that a regulation is “unlawful . . . [or] that undermine[s] the national interest.”

D. Energy-Related Executive Orders 13211, 14154, and 14156

The President has declared in E.O. 14156, Declaring a National Energy Emergency, a national emergency to address America's inadequate energy development production, transportation, refining, and generation
capacity. Similarly, E.O. 14154, Unleashing American Energy, asserts a Federal policy to unleash American energy by ensuing access to abundant supplies of reliable, affordable energy
from (inter alia) the removal of “undue burden[s]” on the identification, development, or use of domestic energy resources
such as PHMSA-jurisdictional gasses and hazardous liquids. PHMSA finds this direct final rule is consistent with each of E.O.
14156 and E.O. 14154. The direct final rule clarifies non-binding guidance and therefore the benefits are primarily from regulatory
certainty. To the extent guidance regarding considering drainage tiles caused operators to survey for such facilities, revising
that guidance will reduce costs for hazardous liquid pipeline operators. PHMSA therefore expects the regulatory amendments
in this direct final rule will in turn increase national pipeline transportation capacity and improve pipeline operators'
ability to provide abundant, reliable, affordable

petroleum, petroleum products, and other hazardous liquids in response to residential, commercial, and industrial demand.

However, this direct final rule is not a “significant energy action” under E.O. 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use, which requires Federal agencies to prepare a Statement of Energy Effects for any “significant energy action.” Because this
direct final rule is not a significant action under E.O. 12866, it will not have a significant adverse effect on supply, distribution,
or energy use; OIRA has therefore not designated this direct final rule as a significant energy action.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

PHMSA analyzed this direct final rule in accordance with the principles and criteria contained in E.O. 13132, Federalism, and the Presidential Memorandum (“Preemption”) published in the
Federal Register
on May 22, 2009. E.O. 13132 requires agencies to ensure meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the development
of regulatory policies that may have “substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the National Government
and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.”

While the direct final rule may operate to preempt some State requirements, it will not impose any regulation that has substantial
direct effects on the States, the relationship between the National Government and the States, or the distribution of power
and responsibilities among the various levels of government. Section 60104(c) of the Federal Pipeline Safety Laws prohibits
certain State safety regulation of interstate pipelines. Under the Federal Pipeline Safety Laws, States that have submitted
a current certification under section 60105(a) can augment Federal pipeline safety requirements for intrastate pipelines regulated
by PHMSA but may not approve safety requirements less stringent than those required by Federal law. A State may also regulate
an intrastate pipeline facility that PHMSA does not regulate. The preemptive effect of the regulatory amendments in this direct
final rule is limited to the minimum level necessary to achieve the objectives of the Federal Pipeline Safety Laws. Therefore,
the consultation and funding requirements of E.O. 13132 do not apply.

F. Regulatory Flexibility Act

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA, 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) requires Federal agencies to conduct a Final Regulatory Flexibility Analysis (FRFA) for a final rule subject to notice-and-comment
rulemaking, unless the agency certifies that the rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number
of small entities. The RFA applies only to rules for which an agency is required to first publish a proposed rule (see 5 U.S.C. 603(a) and 604(a)). PHMSA is not required to publish a notice of proposed rulemaking for this DFR, so the RFA does
not apply. However, PHMSA expects no affected operators will face significant costs because the rule only makes clarifying
changes to the non-binding guidance found in Appendix C; indeed, those clarifications generally reinforce that Appendix C
guidance does not prescribe mandatory requirements. Therefore, PHMSA certifies that this DFR will not have a significant economic
impact on a substantial number of small entities.

G. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) requires agencies to assess the effects of Federal regulatory actions on State, local, and Tribal governments, and the private
sector. For any proposed or direct final rule that includes a Federal mandate that may result in the expenditure by State,
local, and Tribal governments, in the aggregate of $100 million or more in 1996 dollars ($203 million in 2024 dollars) in
any given year, the agency must prepare, amongst other things, a written statement that qualitatively and quantitatively assesses
the costs and benefits of the Federal mandate.

This direct final rule does not impose unfunded mandates under UMRA because it does not result in costs of $100 million or
more (in 1996 dollars) per year for either State, local, or Tribal governments, or to the private sector.

H. National Environmental Policy Act

The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 42 U.S.C. § 4321 et seq.) requires that Federal agencies assess and consider the impact of major Federal actions on the human and natural environment.

PHMSA analyzed this direct final rule in accordance with NEPA and issues this Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), as
it has determined that the rulemaking will not adversely affect safety and will not significantly affect the quality of the
human and natural environment.

I. Executive Order 13175

PHMSA analyzed this direct final rule according to the principles and criteria in E.O. 13175, Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments, and DOT Order 5301.1A (“Department of Transportation Tribal Consultation Policies and Procedures”). E.O. 13175 requires agencies
to assure meaningful and timely input from Tribal government representatives in the development of rules that significantly
or uniquely affect Tribal communities by imposing “substantial direct compliance costs” or “substantial direct effects” on
such communities or the relationship or distribution of power between the Federal Government and Tribes.

PHMSA assessed the impact of the direct final rule and determined that it will not significantly or uniquely affect Tribal
communities or Indian Tribal governments. The rulemaking's regulatory amendments have a broad, national scope; therefore,
this direct final rule will not significantly or uniquely affect Tribal communities, much less impose substantial compliance
costs on Native American Tribal governments or mandate Tribal action. For these reasons, PHMSA has concluded that the funding
and consultation requirements of E.O. 13175 and DOT Order 5301.1A do not apply.

J. Paperwork Reduction Act

The Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) and its implementing regulations at 5 CFR 1320.8(d) requires that PHMSA provide interested members of the public and affected
agencies with an opportunity to comment on information collection and recordkeeping requests. This rulemaking will not create
nor rescind any existing information collections; however, this rulemaking provides for a 30-day comment period. After the
effective date of the final rule, PHMSA will request amendment of the pertinent information collections consistent with Paperwork
Reduction Act requirements and implementing guidance.

K. Executive Order 13609 and International Trade Analysis

E.O. 13609, Promoting International Regulatory Cooperation, requires agencies to consider whether the impacts associated with significant variations between domestic and international
regulatory approaches are unnecessary or may impair the ability of American business to export and compete internationally.
In meeting shared challenges involving health, safety, labor, security, environmental,

and other issues, international regulatory cooperation can identify approaches that are at least as protective as those that
are or would be adopted in the absence of such cooperation. International regulatory cooperation can also reduce, eliminate,
or prevent unnecessary differences in regulatory requirements.

Similarly, the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (Pub. L. 96-39), as amended by the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (Pub. L. 103-465),
prohibits Federal agencies from establishing any standards or engaging in related activities that create unnecessary obstacles
to the foreign commerce of the United States. For purposes of these requirements, Federal agencies may participate in the
establishment of international standards, so long as the standards have a legitimate domestic objective, such as providing
for safety, and do not operate to exclude imports that meet this objective. The statute also requires consideration of international
standards and, where appropriate, that they be the basis for U.S. standards.

PHMSA engages with international standards setting bodies to protect the safety of the American public. PHMSA has assessed
the effects of the direct final rule and has determined that its regulatory amendments will not cause unnecessary obstacles
to foreign trade.

L. Cybersecurity and Executive Order 14028

E.O. 14028, Improving the Nation's Cybersecurity, directed the Federal Government to improve its efforts to identify, to deter, and to respond to “persistent and increasingly
sophisticated malicious cyber campaigns.” PHMSA has considered the effects of the direct final rule and has determined that
its regulatory amendments will not materially affect the cybersecurity risk profile for pipeline facilities.

List of Subjects in 49 CFR Part 195

Pipeline Safety.

For the reasons set forth above, PHMSA amends 49 CFR part 195 as follows:

PART 195—TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE

Regulatory Text 1. The authority citation for 49 CFR Part 195 continues to read as follows:

Authority:

30 U.S.C. 185(w)(3), 49 U.S.C. 5103, 60101 et seq., and 49 CFR 1.97.

1. Amend Appendix C to Part 195 as follows:

a. Revise the introductory text of Appendix C to Part 195;

b. Republish the introductory text of paragraph I, revise paragraphs I.B(3) and (6) through (11), and remove paragraph I.B(12);
and

c. Republish the introductory text of paragraph II, and revise paragraphs II.A(11), (15), and (17).

The revisions and republications read as follows:

Appendix C to Part 195-Guidance for Implementation of an Integrity Management Program

This appendix gives guidance to help an operator implement integrity management program requirements in §§ 195.450 and 195.452.
This appendix is intended to give advice to operators on how to implement the requirements of the integrity management requirements.
This appendix is not legally binding and conformity with this appendix is voluntary only. Guidance is provided on:

(1) Information an operator may use to identify a high consequence area and factors an operator can use to consider the potential
impacts of a release on an area;

(2) Risk factors an operator can use to determine an integrity assessment schedule;

(3) Safety risk indicator tables for leak history, volume or line size, age of pipeline, and product transported, an operator
may use to determine if a pipeline segment falls into a high, medium, or low risk category;

(4) Types of internal inspection tools an operator could use to find pipeline anomalies;

(5) Measures an operator could use to measure an integrity management program's performance;

(6) Types of records an operator will have to maintain; and

(7) Types of conditions that an integrity assessment may identify that an operator should include in its required schedule
for evaluation and remediation.

I. Identifying a high consequence area and factors for considering a pipeline segment's potential impact on a high consequence
area.

B. * * *

(3) Crossing of farm tile fields. Using available information and knowledge, an operator should consider the possibility of
spillage in a field following a drain tile into a waterway.

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(6) Operating conditions of the pipeline (pressure, flow, mode of operation, etc.).

(7) The hydraulic gradient of the pipeline.

(8) The diameter of the pipeline, the potential release volume, and the distance between the isolation points.

(9) Potential physical pathways between the pipeline and the high-consequence area.

(10) Response capability (time to respond, nature of response).

(11) Potential of terrain and waterways to be flooded and serve as a conduit to a high consequence area.

II. Risk factors for establishing frequency of assessment.

A. * * *

(11) Location related to potential flooding or ground movement (e.g., flood zones, seismic faults, rock quarries, and coal mines); climatic (permafrost causes settlement—Alaska); geologic (earthquakes,
landslides, or subsidence areas).

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(15) Operating conditions of the pipeline (pressure, stress levels, flow rate, etc.). Consider if the pipeline has been exposed
to an operating pressure exceeding the established maximum operating pressure.

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(17) Physical support of the pipeline segment such as by a cable suspension bridge. An operator should look for stress indicators
on the pipeline (strained supports, inadequate support at towers), atmospheric corrosion, vandalism, and other obvious signs
of improper maintenance.

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Issued in Washington, DC, on April 22, 2026, under the authority delegated in 49 CFR 1.97. Paul J. Roberti, Administrator. [FR Doc. 2026-08074 Filed 4-23-26; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-60-P

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