Erythritol from China: Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders Issued

Content

SUMMARY:

Based on affirmative final determinations by the U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) and the U.S. International Trade Commission
(ITC), Commerce is issuing antidumping duty (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) orders on erythritol from the People's Republic
of China (China).

DATES:

Applicable March 27, 2026.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:

Hannah Lee and Brian Smith (AD), or Christopher Doyle (CVD), AD/CVD Operations, Offices VIII and IX, Enforcement and Compliance,
International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1401 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20230; telephone:
(202) 482-1216, (202) 482-1766, and (202) 482-5882, respectively.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

In accordance with sections 705(d) and 735(d) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the Act), on February 10, 2026, Commerce
published its affirmative final determination of sales at less than fair value (LTFV) for erythritol from China, (1) and its affirmative final determination that countervailable subsidies are being provided to producers and exporters of erythritol
from China. (2)

On March 23, 2026, pursuant to sections 705(d) and 735(d) of the Act, the ITC notified Commerce of its final affirmative determinations
that an industry in the United States is materially injured by reason of LTFV imports of erythritol from China, and subsidized
imports of erythritol from China, within the meaning of sections 705(b)(1)(A)(i) and 735(b)(1)(A)(i) of the Act. (3)

Scope of the Orders

The product covered by these orders is erythritol from China. For a complete description of the scope of the orders, see the appendix to this notice.

AD Order

On March 23, 2026, in accordance with section 735(d) of the Act, the ITC notified Commerce of its final determination that
an industry in the United States is materially injured within the meaning of section 735(b)(1)(A)(i) of the Act by reason
of imports of erythritol from China that is sold in the United States at LTFV. (4) Therefore, in accordance with sections 735(c)(2) and 736 of the Act, Commerce is issuing this AD order. Because the ITC determined
that imports of erythritol from China are materially injuring a U.S. industry, unliquidated entries of such merchandise from
China, entered or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, are subject to the assessment of antidumping duties.

Therefore, in accordance with section 736(a)(1) of the Act, Commerce intends to direct U.S. Customs and Border Protection
(CBP) to assess, upon further instruction by Commerce, antidumping duties equal to the amount by which the normal value of
the merchandise exceeds the export price (or constructed

  export price) of the merchandise on all relevant entries of erythritol from China. Antidumping duties will be assessed on
  unliquidated entries of erythritol from China entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after July 16, 2025,
  the date of publication of the *AD Preliminary Determination,* [(5)]() but will not include entries occurring after the expiration of the provisional measures period and before publication of the
  ITC's final injury determination, as further described below.

Suspension of Liquidation and Cash Deposits—AD

Except as noted in the “Provisional Measures—AD” section of this notice, Commerce intends to instruct CBP to reinstitute the
suspension of liquidation of erythritol from China, effective on the date of publication of the ITC's final affirmative injury
determination in the
Federal Register
in accordance with section 736 of the Act. These instructions suspending liquidations will remain in effect until further
notice.

Commerce also intends to instruct CBP to require cash deposits equal to the estimated weighted-average dumping margins indicated
in the table below, adjusted by the relevant export subsidy offsets. Accordingly, effective on the date of publication in
the
Federal Register
of the notice of the ITC's final affirmative injury determination, CBP will require, at the same time as importers would normally
deposit estimated customs duties on subject merchandise, a cash deposit equal to the rates listed in the table below. The
rate for the China-wide entity applies to all producers and exporters not specifically listed, as appropriate. These cash
deposit requirements will remain in effect until further notice.

Estimated Weighted-Average Dumping Margins

The estimated weighted-average dumping margins are as follows:

| Exporter | Producer | Weighted-average dumping margin
(percent) | Cash deposit rate
(adjusted for subsidyoffsets)
(percent) 6 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Beijing Refine Biology Co., Ltd | Chuzhou Refine Biology Co., Ltd | 85.04 | 84.95 |
| Hunan Nutramax Inc | Hunan Nutramax Inc | 85.04 | 84.95 |
| Shandong Newnature Biotechnology Co., Ltd | Shandong Sanyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd | 85.04 | 84.95 |
| Baolingbao Biology Co., Ltd | Baolingbao Biology Co., Ltd | 85.04 | 84.86 |
| China-wide Entity | | * 184.26 | 184.26 |
| * This rate is based on facts available with adverse inferences. | | | |

Provisional Measures—AD

Section 733(d) of the Act states that suspension of liquidation pursuant to an affirmative preliminary determination may not
remain in effect for more than four months, except where exporters representing a significant proportion of exports of the
subject merchandise request that Commerce extend the four-month period to no more than six months. At the request of exporters
that accounted for a significant proportion of exports of erythritol from China, Commerce extended the four-month period to
no more than six months. (7) In the underlying investigation, Commerce published the AD Preliminary Determination on July 16, 2025. Therefore, the six-month period beginning on the date of the publication of the AD Preliminary Determination ended on January 11, 2026. Pursuant to section 737(b) of the Act, the collection of cash deposits at the rates listed above
will begin on the date of publication of the ITC's final injury determination. Therefore, in accordance with section 736(a)(1)
of the Act and our practice, Commerce will instruct CBP to terminate the suspension of liquidation and to liquidate, without
regard to antidumping duties, unliquidated entries of erythritol from China entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption
on or after January 12, 2026, the first day provisional measures were no longer in effect, until and through the day preceding
the date of publication of the ITC's final injury determination in the
Federal Register
. Suspension of liquidation and the collection of cash deposits will resume on the date of publication of the ITC's final
determination in the
Federal Register
.

CVD Order

As stated above, on March 23, 2026, the ITC notified Commerce of its final determination that an industry in the United States
is materially injured within the meaning of section 705(b)(1)(A)(i) of the Act by reason of subsidized imports of erythritol
from China. (8) Therefore, in accordance with section 705(c)(2) of the Act, Commerce is issuing this CVD order. Moreover, because the ITC
determined that imports of erythritol from China are materially injuring a U.S. industry, unliquidated entries of subject
merchandise from China entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption, are subject to the assessment of countervailing
duties.

Therefore, in accordance with section 706(a) of the Act, Commerce intends to direct CBP to assess, upon further instructions
by Commerce, countervailing duties on all relevant entries of erythritol from China, which are entered, or withdrawn from
warehouse, for consumption on or after May 16, 2025, the date of publication of the CVD Preliminary Determination, (9) but will not include entries occurring after the expiration of the provisional measures period and before the publication
of the ITC's final injury determination under section 705(b) of the Act, as further described below.

Suspension of Liquidation and Cash Deposits—CVD

In accordance with section 706 of the Act, Commerce intends to instruct CBP to reinstitute the suspension of liquidation of
erythritol from China, effective on the date of publication of the ITC's final affirmative injury determination in the
Federal Register
, and to assess, upon further instruction

  by Commerce, pursuant to section 706(a)(1) of the Act, countervailing duties on each entry of subject merchandise in an amount
  based on the net countervailable subsidy rates below. These instructions suspending liquidation will remain in effect until
  further notice.

Commerce also intends, pursuant to section 706(a)(1) of the Act, to instruct CBP to require cash deposits equal to the amounts
as indicated below. Accordingly, effective on the date of publication of the ITC's final injury determination in the
Federal Register
, CBP will require, at the same time as importers would normally deposit estimated customs duties on this merchandise, a cash
deposit equal to the rates listed in the table below. (10) The all-others rate applies to all producers or exporters not specifically listed below, as appropriate. These cash deposit
requirements will remain in effect until further notice.

Estimated Countervailing Subsidy Rates

The estimated countervailing subsidy rates are as follows:

| Company | Subsidy rate

           (percent *ad valorem*) |

| --- | --- |
| Baolingbao Biology Co., Ltd | 4.54 |
| Shandong Sanyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd | 8.63 |
| All Others | 8.12 |

Provisional Measures—CVD

Section 703(d) of the Act states that the suspension of liquidation pursuant to an affirmative preliminary determination may
not remain in effect for more than four months. Commerce published the CVD Preliminary Determination on May 16, 2025. (11) As such, the four-month period beginning on the date of the publication of the CVD Preliminary Determination ended on September 12, 2025.

Therefore, in accordance with section 703(d) of the Act, we instructed CBP to terminate the suspension of liquidation and
to liquidate, without regard to countervailing duties, unliquidated entries of erythritol from China or withdrawn from warehouse,
for consumption, on or after September 13, 2025, the first date on which the provisional measures were no longer in effect,
until and through the day preceding the date of publication of the ITC's final injury determination in the
Federal Register
. Suspension of liquidation and the collection of cash deposits will resume on the date of publication of the ITC's final
determination in the
Federal Register
.

Establishment of the Annual Inquiry Service Lists

On September 20, 2021, Commerce published the Final Rule in the
Federal Register
. (12) On September 27, 2021, Commerce also published the Procedural Guidance in the
Federal Register
. (13) The Final Rule and Procedural Guidance provide that Commerce will maintain an annual inquiry service list for each order or suspended investigation, and any interested
party submitting a scope ruling application or request for circumvention inquiry shall serve a copy of the application or
request on the persons on the annual inquiry service list for that order, as well as any companion order covering the same
merchandise from the same country of origin.

In accordance with the Procedural Guidance, for orders published in the
Federal Register
after November 4, 2021, Commerce will create an annual inquiry service list segment in Commerce's online e-filing and document
management system, Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Electronic Service System (ACCESS), available at https://access.trade.gov, within five business days of publication of the notice of the order. Each annual inquiry service list will be saved in ACCESS,
under each case number, and under a specific segment type called “AISL-Annual Inquiry Service List.” (14)

Interested parties who wish to be added to the annual inquiry service list for an order must submit an entry of appearance
to the annual inquiry service list segment for the order in ACCESS within 30 days after the date of publication of the order.
For ease of administration, Commerce requests that law firms with more than one attorney representing interested parties in
an order designate a lead attorney to be included on the annual inquiry service list. Commerce will finalize the annual inquiry
service list within five business days thereafter. As mentioned in the Procedural Guidance, (15) the new annual inquiry service list will be in place until the following year, when the Opportunity Notice for the anniversary month of the order is published.

Commerce may update an annual inquiry service list at any time as needed based on interested parties' amendments to their
entries of appearance to remove or otherwise modify their list of members and representatives, or to update contact information.
Any changes or announcements pertaining to these procedures will be posted to the ACCESS website at https://access.trade.gov.

Special Instructions for the Petitioner and Foreign Governments

In the Final Rule, Commerce stated that, “after an initial request and placement on the annual inquiry service list, both petitioners and foreign
governments will automatically be placed on the annual inquiry service list in the years that follow.” (16) Accordingly, as stated above, the petitioner and the Government of China (GOC) should submit their initial entries of appearance
after publication of this notice in order to appear in the first annual inquiry service lists for these orders. Pursuant to
19 CFR 351.225(n)(3), the petitioner and the GOC will not need to resubmit their entries of appearance each year to continue
to be included on the annual inquiry service list. However, the petitioner and the GOC are responsible for making amendments
to their entries of appearance during the annual update to the annual inquiry service list in accordance with the procedures
described above.

Notification to Interested Parties

This notice constitutes the AD and CVD orders with respect to erythritol from China, pursuant to sections 706(a) and 736(a)
of the Act. Interested parties can find a list of AD and CVD orders currently in effect at https://www.trade.gov/datavisualization/adcvd-proceedings.

These AD and CVD orders are issued and published in accordance with sections 706(a) and 736(a) of the Act, and 19 CFR 351.211(b).

Dated: March 24, 2026. Christopher Abbott, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Policy and Negotiations, performing the non-exclusive functions and duties of the Assistant
Secretary for Enforcement and Compliance.

Appendix

Scope of the Orders

The product within the scope of these orders is erythritol, which is a sugar alcohol, commonly referred to as a polyol, typically
produced by the fermentation of glucose using enzymes and yeast or yeast-like fungi (though the scope includes erythritol
produced using any other feedstock or organism). Erythritol is an organic compound with the molecular formula C4 H10 O4 and
a Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number of 149-32-6. Other names for erythritol include meso -erythritol, (2R,
3S)-butan-1,2,3,4-tetrol, butane-1,2,3,4-tetrol, or meso -1,2,3,4-Tetrahydryoxybutane.

Erythritol typically appears as a white crystalline, odorless product that rapidly dissolves in water. While erythritol is
typically produced in the crystalline form or as a fine powder or in directly compressible form, the scope of these orders
covers all physical forms and grades of erythritol, including organic erythritol.

The merchandise covered by these orders is classifiable under Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) subheading
2905.49.4000. Erythritol may also enter under HTSUS subheading 2106.90.9998. Although the HTSUS subheadings and the CAS registry
number are provided for convenience and customs purposes, the written description of the merchandise covered by these orders
is dispositive.

Specifically excluded from the scope are certain tabletop sugar substitute products that contain erythritol as an ingredient.
Tabletop sugar substitute products include erythritol as an ingredient as well as a high intensity sweeter such as monk fruit,
stevia, sucralose, aspartame, and saccharin. The following tabletop sugar substitute products are excluded: finished goods
packaged and labeled for retail sale or individual consumption.

[FR Doc. 2026-06008 Filed 3-26-26; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510-DS-P

Footnotes

(1) See Erythritol from the People's Republic of China: Final Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less-Than-Fair-Value, 91 FR 5895 (February 10, 2026) (AD Final Determination).

(2) See Erythritol from the People's Republic of China: Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination, 91 FR 5920 (February 10, 2026).

(3) See ITC's Letter, “Notification of ITC Final Determination,” dated March 23, 2026 (ITC Notification Letter).

(4) Id.

(5) See Erythritol from People's Republic of China: Preliminary Affirmative Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value, Postponement
of Final Determination and Extension of Provisional Measures, 90 FR 31962 (July 16, 2025) (AD Preliminary Determination).

(6) See AD Final Determination, 91 FR at 5897.

(7) See AD Preliminary Determination.

(8) See ITC Notification Letter.

(9) See Erythritol from the People's Republic of China: Preliminary Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination, and Alignment
of Final Determination with Final Antidumping Duty Determination, 90 FR 21000 (May 16, 2025) (CVD Preliminary Determination).

(10) See section 706(a)(3) of the Act.

(11) See CVD Preliminary Determination.

(12) See Regulations to Improve Administration and Enforcement of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Laws, 86 FR 52300 (September 20, 2021) (Final Rule).

(13) See Scope Ruling Application; Annual Inquiry Service List; and Informational Sessions, 86 FR 53205 (September 27, 2021) (Procedural Guidance).

(14) This segment will be combined with the ACCESS Segment Specific Information (SSI) field which will display the month in which
the notice of the order or suspended investigation was published in the
Federal Register , also known as the anniversary month. For example, for an order under case number A-000-000 that was published in the
Federal Register
in January, the relevant segment and SSI combination will appear in ACCESS as “AISL-January Anniversary.” Note that there
will be only one annual inquiry service list segment per case number, and the anniversary month will be pre-populated in ACCESS.

(15) See Procedural Guidance, 86 FR at 53206.

(16) See Final Rule, 86 FR at 52335.

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