Prospective Exploration of Vascular Complications Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

← ClinicalTrials.gov Studies

Prospective Exploration of Vascular Complications Associated With the Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Observational NCT07535944 Kind: OBSERVATIONAL Apr 17, 2026

Abstract

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the management of many oncological diseases, and their use continues to increase. ICIs are monoclonal antibodies that target immune checkpoints such as PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1, as seen in nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and cemiplimab), PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1 ligand, as seen in atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab), CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4, as seen in ipilimumab and tremelimumab), or LAG-3 (lymphocyte-activating gene 3, as seen in relatlimab), which play a crucial role in immune tolerance to cancer cells.

However, the surge in ICI prescriptions has been accompanied by the occurrence of numerous side effects, some of which are severe or even fatal. ICIs have a different toxicity spectrum than conventional chemotherapy, and most toxicities result from excessive immunity against different organs.

This immune-mediated toxicity can affect various organ systems, including the heart and blood vessels. Pharmacovigilance data from clinical trials conducted by Bristol-Myers Squibb, which marketed ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD1), revealed 18 cases (0.09%) of myocarditis among 20,594 subjects.

While cardiac complications induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly autoimmune myocarditis, are widely described, the impact of these treatments on the vascular system remains poorly understood. However, a variety of vascular complications...

Conditions: Vascular Complications

Interventions: Evaluation of the vascular impact of ICIs (Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors)

View original document →