Limits on Federal Immigration Enforcement in Courthouses and Protected Areas
Summary
Virginia HB650 restricts federal civil immigration enforcement activities in protected areas including courthouses, polling places within 40 feet, hospitals, and schools. The bill prohibits civil arrests pursuant to civil administrative warrants in these areas, requiring instead a judicial warrant or subpoena. Exceptions apply for child support enforcement and court proceedings. Civil penalties apply for violations.
What changed
Virginia HB650 (Enrolled March 30, 2026; incorporates HB1260, HB1265, HB1440, HB1442; identical to SB351) prohibits federal civil immigration enforcement activities in designated protected areas including any courthouse, within 40 feet of polling places, hospitals, healthcare facilities, schools, public institutions of higher education, and Commonwealth's attorney offices. The bill bars civil arrests pursuant to civil administrative warrants without judicial authorization, while permitting arrests for child support orders or those with judicial warrants or subpoenas.
Courthouses, schools, and higher education institutions must require presentation of valid judicial warrants or subpoenas before allowing immigration enforcement access to nonpublic areas. Public institutions of higher education must adopt formal policies implementing this requirement. Schools may include notification procedures for parents and staff regarding immigration enforcement presence on school property. Violations of the civil arrest prohibitions carry civil penalties.
What to do next
- Courts must establish procedures to verify judicial warrants before permitting civil arrests by immigration authorities
- Public institutions of higher education must adopt written policies requiring valid judicial warrants or subpoenas for nonpublic area access
- School boards may update emergency response plans to include notification procedures for immigration enforcement presence
Penalties
Civil penalties for violations of the civil arrest prohibitions
Source document (simplified)
VA HB650 | 2026 | Regular Regular Session
Virginia House Bill 650
VA State Legislature page for HB650
- Summary
- Sponsors
- Texts
- Votes
- Research
- Comments
- Track
Status
Sponsorship: Partisan Bill (Democrat 37)
Status: Enrolled on March 30 2026 - 75% progression
Action: 2026-03-30 - Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB650ER)
Text: Latest bill text (Enrolled) [HTML]
Summary
Prohibiting certain acts in furtherance of federal immigration enforcement in certain protected areas; exceptions; penalties. Prohibits certain federal civil immigration enforcement activities in certain protected areas including any courthouse, within 40 feet of any polling place or building used as a meeting place for the local electoral board while the electoral board meets to ascertain the results of an election, and any place or facility owned by the Commonwealth that is a hospital or other health care facility, a school or public institution of higher education, or an office of the attorney for the Commonwealth. The bill prohibits any civil arrest in a courthouse pursuant to a civil administrative warrant, subject to certain exceptions such as service or enforcement of an order for failure to pay child support or for any arrest occurring in connection with a court proceeding that is taking place or is scheduled to take place. The bill provides that such provisions shall not apply when such arrest is authorized by a judicial warrant or judicial subpoena.The bill also authorizes a local school board to include in its written school crisis, emergency management, and medical emergency response plan a procedure for notifying school board employees and parents of enrolled students of the presence of certain individuals on school property for immigration investigation or enforcement purposes. The bill requires each public institution of higher education to adopt a policy that requires an individual present on campus to investigate compliance with, enforce, or assist in an investigation or enforcement of any federal immigration law to present a valid judicial warrant or judicial subpoena before accessing any nonpublic area of the campus. This bill incorporates HB1260, HB1265, HB1440, and HB1442 and is identical to SB351.
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Title
Courthouses; certain civil arrests prohibited, penalty.
Sponsors
| Del. Katrina Callsen [D] | Del. Rae Cousins [D] | Del. Jackie Glass [D] | Del. Alfonso Lopez [D] |
| Del. Irene Shin [D] | Sen. Elizabeth Bennett-Parker [D] | Del. Gretchen Bulova [D] | Del. Karen Carnegie [D] |
| Del. Betsy Carr [D] | Del. Joshua Cole [D] | Del. Kelly Convirs-Fowler [D] | Del. Lindsey Dougherty [D] |
| Del. Margaret Franklin [D] | Del. Elizabeth Guzman [D] | Del. Dan Helmer [D] | Del. Phil Hernandez [D] |
| Del. Charniele Herring [D] | Del. Karen Keys-Gamarra [D] | Del. Amy Laufer [D] | Del. Destiny LeVere Bolling [D] |
| Del. Michelle Maldonado [D] | Del. Marty Martinez [D] | Del. Adele McClure [D] | Del. Garrett McGuire [D] |
| Del. Leslie Chambers Mehta [D] | Del. May Nivar [D] | Del. Marcia Price [D] | Del. Atoosa Reaser [D] |
| Del. Charlie Schmidt [D] | Del. Holly Seibold [D] | Del. Briana Sewell [D] | Del. Marcus Simon [D] |
| Del. Joshua Thomas [D] | Del. Virgil Thornton [D] | Del. Kathy Tran [D] | Del. Vivian Watts [D] |
| Del. Rodney Willett [D] | | | |
Roll Calls
2026-03-14 - Senate - Conference report agreed to by Senate (21-Y 18-N 0-A) (Y: 21 N: 18 NV: 0 Abs: 1) [PASS]
2026-03-14 - House - Conference report agreed to by House (62-Y 35-N 0-A) (Y: 62 N: 35 NV: 0 Abs: 2) [PASS]
2026-03-12 - Senate - Senate insisted on substitute Block Vote (40-Y 0-N 0-A) (Y: 40 N: 0 NV: 0 Abs: 0) [PASS]
2026-03-11 - House - Senate substitute rejected by House (0-Y 98-N 0-A) (Y: 0 N: 98 NV: 0 Abs: 1) [FAIL]
2026-03-10 - Senate - Passed Senate with substitute (21-Y 19-N 0-A) (Y: 21 N: 19 NV: 0 Abs: 0) [PASS]
2026-03-06 - Senate - Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (39-Y 0-N 0-A) (Y: 39 N: 0 NV: 0 Abs: 1) [PASS]
2026-03-04 - Senate - Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute (8-Y 6-N) (Y: 8 N: 6 NV: 0 Abs: 1) [PASS]
2026-02-12 - House - Read third time and passed House (63-Y 35-N 0-A) (Y: 63 N: 35 NV: 0 Abs: 2) [PASS]
2026-02-06 - House - Reported from Public Safety with substitute (15-Y 7-N) (Y: 15 N: 7 NV: 0 Abs: 0) [PASS]
2026-02-06 - House - Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute (4-Y 1-N) (Y: 4 N: 1 NV: 0 Abs: 0) [PASS]
History
| Date | Chamber | Action |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2026-03-30 | House | Bill text as passed House and Senate (HB650ER) |
| 2026-03-30 | House | Enrolled |
| 2026-03-24 | House | Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB650) |
| 2026-03-14 | Senate | Conference report agreed to by Senate (21-Y 18-N 0-A) |
| 2026-03-14 | House | Conference report agreed to by House (62-Y 35-N 0-A) |
| 2026-03-13 | | Conference Report released |
| 2026-03-12 | Senate | Senate Conferees: Salim, Perry, McDougle |
| 2026-03-12 | Senate | Conferees appointed by Senate |
| 2026-03-12 | House | House Conferees: Callsen, Simon, Cornett |
| 2026-03-12 | House | Conferees appointed by House |
| 2026-03-12 | House | House acceded to request |
| 2026-03-12 | Senate | Senate requested conference committee |
| 2026-03-12 | Senate | Senate insisted on substitute Block Vote (40-Y 0-N 0-A) |
| 2026-03-11 | House | Senate substitute rejected by House (0-Y 98-N 0-A) |
| 2026-03-10 | Senate | Passed Senate with substitute (21-Y 19-N 0-A) |
| 2026-03-10 | Senate | Engrossed by Senate - committee substitute |
| 2026-03-10 | Senate | Courts of Justice Substitute agreed to |
| 2026-03-10 | Senate | Read third time |
| 2026-03-09 | Senate | Passed by for the day |
| 2026-03-06 | Senate | Passed by for the day Block Vote (Voice Vote) |
| 2026-03-06 | Senate | Constitutional reading dispensed Block Vote (on 2nd reading) (39-Y 0-N 0-A) |
| 2026-03-06 | Senate | Rules suspended |
| 2026-03-05 | Senate | Committee substitute printed 26109150D-S1 |
| 2026-03-04 | Senate | Reported from Courts of Justice with substitute (8-Y 6-N) |
| 2026-03-02 | House | Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB650) |
| 2026-02-13 | Senate | Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice |
| 2026-02-13 | Senate | Constitutional reading dispensed (on 1st reading) |
| 2026-02-12 | House | Read third time and passed House (63-Y 35-N 0-A) |
| 2026-02-11 | House | Engrossed by House - committee substitute |
| 2026-02-11 | House | committee substitute agreed to |
| 2026-02-11 | House | Read second time |
| 2026-02-10 | House | Read first time |
| 2026-02-06 | House | Committee substitute printed 26107314D-H1 |
| 2026-02-06 | House | Reported from Public Safety with substitute (15-Y 7-N) |
| 2026-02-06 | House | Incorporates HB1260 (Shin) |
| 2026-02-06 | House | Incorporates HB1440 (Lopez) |
| 2026-02-06 | House | Incorporates HB1442 (Lopez) |
| 2026-02-06 | House | Incorporates HB1265 (Glass) |
| 2026-02-06 | House | Subcommittee recommends reporting with substitute (4-Y 1-N) |
| 2026-02-06 | House | House subcommittee offered |
| 2026-02-02 | House | Fiscal Impact Statement from Department of Planning and Budget (HB650) |
| 2026-01-29 | House | Assigned HMPPS sub: Subcommittee #3 |
| 2026-01-28 | House | Referred from Courts of Justice and referred to Public Safety (Voice Vote) |
| 2026-01-13 | House | Referred to Committee for Courts of Justice |
| 2026-01-13 | House | Prefiled and ordered printed; Offered 01-14-2026 26105002D |
Virginia State Sources
| Type | Source |
| --- | --- |
| Summary | https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB650 |
| Text | https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB650/text/HB650 |
| Text | https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB650/text/HB650HC1 |
| Text | https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB650/text/HB650HC2 |
| Text | https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB650/text/HB650H1 |
| Text | https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB650/text/HB650S1 |
| Text | https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB650/text/HB650H2 |
| Text | https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB650/text/HB650ER |
| Supplement | https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1105583.PDF |
| Supplement | https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1189451.PDF |
| Supplement | https://lis.virginia.gov/bill-details/20261/HB650/text/HB650AC |
| Supplement | https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1213613.PDF |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/H15003V2612060 |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/H15V2612094 |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/26110178 |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/S13V2537 |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/SV1038 |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/SV1147 |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/26111044 |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/SV1293 |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/26111232 |
| Roll Call | https://lis.virginia.gov/vote-details/HB650/20261/SV1445 |
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