Huckabee v. Conover — Guardian Ad Litem Compensation Order Reversed and Remanded

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April 23, 2026 Get Citation Alerts Download PDF Add Note

Interest of Huckabee

Colorado Court of Appeals

• Citations: None known
• Docket Number: 25CA0664

• Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

• Opinion

• Authorities (7)

• Cited By (0)

• Summaries (0)

• Similar Cases (17.2K)

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Combined Opinion

25CA0664 Interest of Huckabee 04-23-2026

COLORADO COURT OF APPEALS

Court of Appeals No. 25CA0664
Arapahoe County District Court No. 12PR639
Honorable H. Clay Hurst, Judge

In the Interest of Kevin Huckabee, Ward,

Helena Huckabee,

Appellant,

v.

Tammy Conover,

Guardian Ad Litem-Appellee.

ORDER REVERSED AND CASE
REMANDED WITH DIRECTIONS

Division V
Opinion by JUDGE TOW
Welling and Lipinsky, JJ., concur

NOT PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO C.A.R. 35(e)
Announced April 23, 2026

Solem, Woodward & McKinley, P.C., R. Eric Solem, Andrew Gwirtsman,
Englewood, Colorado, for Appellant

Paige Mackey Murray, LLC, Paige Mackey Murray, Boulder, Colorado, for
Appellee
¶1 Helena Huckabee (mother) appeals the district court’s order

awarding compensation to Tammy Conover, the appointed guardian

ad litem (GAL) for mother’s son, Kevin Huckabee (ward). We reverse

the order and remand the case for further proceedings.

I. Background

¶2 Paul Huckabee (father) and mother served as co-guardians for

their profoundly disabled adult son, the ward. After the dissolution

of mother and father’s marriage, a dispute about the ward’s care

arose, which mother and father resolved with a settlement

agreement. As part of this agreement, father and mother agreed to

appoint the GAL to represent the ward’s best interests. The

settlement agreement also provided that “[t]he cost of the GAL will

be split equally.” The court granted father’s unopposed motion for

approval of the settlement agreement and appointment of the GAL.

¶3 After ongoing conflict, father filed a motion to remove mother

as co-guardian, which the GAL supported. After an evidentiary

hearing, the court granted the motion.

¶4 Mother then stopped paying the GAL. After nine months of

nonpayment, the GAL filed a motion seeking an order directing

mother to pay the GAL $31,200.90. Attached to the motion was a

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document titled “Huckabee invoice and payment division,” showing

two charts with dates, invoice numbers, and the amount the GAL

asserted mother owed.

¶5 The GAL filed a notice of hearing without appearance

pursuant to C.R.P.P. 24. Before the hearing date, mother filed an

objection to the GAL’s compensation request and asked the court to

set an evidentiary hearing on the reasonableness of the requested

compensation. Mother cited section 15-10-603, C.R.S. 2025, for

the proposition that the court must consider certain factors when

determining the reasonableness of requested compensation. Her

motion was filed on a judicial department form, which included

language stating, “I understand that I must contact the court within

[fourteen] days after filing this objection to set this matter for an

appearance hearing. If I fail to do so, I understand that the court

will take further action as it deems appropriate.”

¶6 But mother did not set the matter for an appearance hearing.

Nor did the court conduct a nonappearance hearing. Rather, the

court ordered mother to pay the GAL $31,200.90 within fourteen

days. In the order, the court found that the GAL was appointed

pursuant to the settlement agreement, mother and father had each

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agreed to pay half of the GAL’s fees, and mother owed the GAL

$31,200.90.

¶7 Mother filed a motion to reconsider. The motion to reconsider

was deemed denied under C.R.C.P. 59(j) when the probate court

failed to rule on it within sixty-three days of its filing. This appeal

followed.

II. Recovery Statute Procedures

A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law

¶8 “We review a court’s application of procedural rules de novo.”

In re Estate of Gonzalez, 2024 COA 63, ¶ 24. “And to the extent our

analysis requires us to interpret the probate code, statutory

interpretation is a question of law that we review de novo.” Id.

¶9 When interpreting statutes, we give effect to the General

Assembly’s intent. Id. at ¶ 32. “To determine that intent, we first

look to the statute’s language and give words their plain and

ordinary meaning[s].” Id. “We read and consider the statute as a

whole to give consistent, harmonious, and sensible effect to all of its

parts, and we presume that the General Assembly intended the

entire statute to be effective.” Id. “If the statute’s language is clear

and unambiguous, we look no further.” Id. “Statutory language is

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unambiguous if it is susceptible of only one reasonable

interpretation.” Id. (quoting Montezuma Valley Irrigation Co. v. Bd.

of Cnty. Comm’rs, 2020 COA 161, ¶ 20).

¶ 10 The Compensation and Cost Recovery Act of the Colorado

Probate Code (the recovery statute), sections 15-10-601 to -606,

C.R.S. 2025, provides that “[a] third party who performs services at

the request of a court is entitled to reasonable compensation.”

§ 15-10-602(3), C.R.S. 2025. “A person’s entitlement to

compensation or costs shall not limit or remove a court’s inherent

authority, discretion, and responsibility to determine the

reasonableness of compensation and costs when appropriate.”

§ 15-10-602(4).

¶ 11 “A dispute over the reasonableness of a request for

compensation or costs authorized by [the recovery statute] shall be

resolved in accordance with the factors set forth in section

15-10-603(3) and the process and procedure set forth in this

section.” § 15-10-604(1), C.R.S. 2025. “[A] fee dispute shall be

deemed to have arisen when an objection to compensation or costs

has been filed in a proceeding.” § 15-10-604(2).

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¶ 12 The recovery statute provides a detailed process and

procedure that the requester, objector, and the court must follow

after the filing of an objection to compensation or costs.

§ 15-10-604(3). Then “the court shall determine, after notice and

hearing, the amount of compensation and costs it considers to be

reasonable and shall issue its findings of fact and conclusions of

law referencing the factors set forth in section 15-10-603(3) and any

other factors it deems relevant to its decision.” § 15-10-604(4).

B. Analysis

¶ 13 Mother contends that the district court reversibly erred by

granting the GAL’s compensation motion without following the

procedure in section 15-10-604.1 We agree.

¶ 14 As a threshold matter, the GAL contends that mother did not

preserve this issue because she only cited section 15-10-603 in her

objection. But in that objection, mother requested an evidentiary

1 Mother’s briefs do not comply with C.A.R. 28(e) and this court’s

November 13, 2025, Court of Appeals Policy on Citations, because
they fail to provide any record citations. (Though the present
version of the policy was modified after mother filed her brief, the
changes did not alter the portion of the policy that her brief failed to
comply with.) We remind counsel that “[t]he appellate rules are not
mere technicalities, but are designed to facilitate appellate review.”
Cikraji v. Snowberger, 2015 COA 66, ¶ 10.

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hearing as to the reasonableness of the GAL’s requested

compensation. Only section 15-10-604 discusses conducting a

hearing before the court determines the amount of compensation it

considers to be reasonable. Therefore, even though mother did not

cite section 15-10-604 in her objection, she nevertheless said

enough to preserve her argument that the court erred by not

conducting a hearing consistent with the procedures in section

15-10-604. See Rael v. People, 2017 CO 67, ¶ 17 (“We do not

require that parties use ‘talismanic language’ to preserve an

argument for appeal.” (citation omitted)); Maslak v. Town of Vail,

2015 COA 2, ¶ 12 (concluding that because the substance of the

issue was presented to the trial court, the addition of a statutory

reference on appeal “simply provide[d] additional support for the[]

argument”).

¶ 15 We turn to the merits of mother’s argument.

¶ 16 Mother contends that section 15-10-604’s procedures apply to

the GAL’s request. Specifically, she argues that once she filed her

objection to the GAL’s compensation request, there was “[a] dispute

over the reasonableness of a request for compensation or costs

authorized,” and the process and procedures in section

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15-10-604(4) needed to be, but were not, followed. § 15-10-604(1).

The court neither conducted a hearing nor issued findings of fact

and conclusions of law as to the amount of compensation it

considered to be reasonable, referencing the factors in section

15-10-603(3), as section 15-10-604(4) requires. This was error.

¶ 17 The GAL’s contentions to the contrary are unavailing.

¶ 18 We begin by rejecting the GAL’s arguments that section

15-10-604 does not apply to her compensation request.

¶ 19 Citing section 15-10-602(7)(b), the GAL contends that the

recovery statute only applies when a person whom the court did not

appoint seeks compensation from the estate. But section

15-10-604(1) broadly applies to “a dispute over the reasonableness

of a request for compensation or costs authorized by [the recovery

statute],” not solely to requests authorized by section

15-10-602(7)(b). And, in her compensation request, the GAL

explicitly invoked section 15-10-602(3) of the recovery statute,

which provides that “[a] third party who performs services at the

request of a court is entitled to reasonable compensation.” The

GAL’s request, therefore, falls within the dispute resolution

procedures set forth in section 15-10-604.

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¶ 20 We also disagree that mother waived her right to a hearing

under C.R.P.P. 24 because she did not contact the court to

schedule one. The GAL’s reliance on C.R.P.P. 24 is misplaced.

That rule permits a proceeding to be conducted at a hearing

without appearance “[u]nless otherwise required by statute.”

C.R.P.P. 24(b). And, as noted, section 15-10-604(4) provides that a

fee dispute “shall be resolved ‘after notice and hearing.’” Thus, once

mother objected to the GAL’s compensation request, C.R.P.P. 24 —

including its waiver provision — no longer applied.

¶ 21 We next reject the GAL’s contention that mother’s objection

was insufficient because she objected only to the nonappearance

hearing, not to the compensation itself or to the GAL’s

compensation motion. The GAL misrepresents mother’s objection,

which clearly states that the GAL is only entitled to “the payment of

reasonable fees” (emphasis added) and asserts that the GAL’s

request “offers little evidence as to [the statutory] factors.” Mother

then said in her objection, “In order to ascertain the reasonableness

of these requested fees, [mother] requests this [c]ourt set the matter

for an evidentiary hearing as to the reasonableness of the requested

fees.”

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¶ 22 Section 15-10-604(2) merely states that “a fee dispute shall be

deemed to have arisen when an objection to compensation or costs

has been filed in a proceeding.” Mother filed her objection in

response to the GAL’s compensation motion and notice of hearing

without appearance, and the objection was directed at the

reasonableness of the GAL’s requested compensation. It was

therefore sufficient under the recovery statute.

¶ 23 We also disagree with the GAL’s contention that, even if the

procedures in section 15-10-604 apply, mother did not comply with

them because she did not file specific written objections based on

the section 15-10-603 factors. Section 15-10-604(3) provides, in

relevant part, that

After the objection to compensation or costs
has been filed, the person requesting
compensation or costs shall have thirty-five
days, or a greater or lesser time as the court
may direct, to make available to the objector
for inspection and copying all documentation
that the person deems necessary to establish
the reasonableness of the compensation and
costs in consideration of the factors set forth in
section 15-10-603(3) and to certify to the court
that such documentation was made available
to the objector on a certain date. The objector
shall then have fourteen days, or a greater or
lesser time as the court may direct, to file
specific written objections to such

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compensation and costs based on the factors
set forth in section 15-10-603(3). The fourteen
days shall commence on the date that the
person makes the documentation available to
the objector or upon the filing of the person’s
certification, whichever is later.

But the GAL never made available to mother “for inspection and

copying all documentation that the [GAL] deems necessary to

establish the reasonableness of the compensation . . . in

consideration of the factors set forth in section 15-10-603(3).”

Therefore, mother’s obligation to file “specific written objections to

such compensation and costs based on the factors set forth in

section 15-10-603(3)” was not triggered. § 15-10-604(3). Indeed,

mother based her objection in part on the fact that the GAL

provided “little evidence” as to the factors.

¶ 24 Finally, the GAL appears to contend that mother and father

contracted around the procedure in section 15-10-604. She asserts

that the separation agreement provided that the GAL’s

compensation would be split between them, not that the

compensation amount had to be reasonable. Significantly,

however, nothing in the separation agreement suggests that mother

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and father agreed to pay any amount the GAL billed, regardless of

whether the amount was reasonable.

¶ 25 Further, as noted, the recovery statute provides that “[a]

person’s entitlement to compensation or costs shall not limit or

remove a court’s inherent authority, discretion, and responsibility

to determine the reasonableness of compensation and costs when

appropriate.” § 15-10-602(4). In other words, even assuming

parties can contract around the court’s inherent authority and

responsibility to determine the reasonableness of a fiduciary’s

compensation, nothing in mother and father’s agreement suggests

that they did so.

¶ 26 Finally, the GAL contends that any error was harmless

because the court had all the information it needed to determine

the reasonableness of her requested compensation. The GAL points

to the charts she filed with her compensation motion and notes that

she had previously provided detailed invoices to mother and

mother’s attorneys and provided additional invoices to the court in

response to mother’s motion for reconsideration. We reject this

argument.

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¶ 27 Under the harmless error standard, we will not disturb a

judgment unless a court’s error affected the substantial rights of

the parties. C.R.C.P. 61. An error affects a substantial right only if

“it can be said with fair assurance that the error substantially

influenced the outcome of the case.” Bly v. Story, 241 P.3d 529,

535 (Colo. 2010) (quoting Banek v. Thomas, 733 P.2d 1171, 1178

(Colo. 1986)).

¶ 28 Mother was not given a chance to challenge the GAL’s

compensation request at a hearing. See Gonzalez, ¶ 42. Nor was

she provided with the documentation required pursuant to section

15-10-604(3). Further, it is immaterial what invoices the GAL

provided to mother and to mother’s attorneys but not to the court.

And the court did not have all the relevant documentation before it

granted the GAL’s compensation request. Indeed, as the GAL

acknowledges, she did not provide some of the documentation to

the court until after the court had already granted her request.

Therefore, the court reversibly erred when it awarded the GAL’s

compensation without first holding the mandated hearing. See

Gonzalez, ¶¶ 42-43.

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¶ 29 The GAL contends that the remedy for such a reversible error

should be a limited remand but cites no authority for this

contention. Nor are we aware of any. Rather, like the division in

Gonzalez, we reverse the order awarding compensation and remand

the case to the district court to conduct proceedings consistent with

this opinion and the recovery statute.2 See id. at ¶ 50.

III. Appellate Attorney Fees

¶ 30 Mother requests an award of appellate attorney fees but does

not specify the legal or factual basis for her request. We therefore

deny her request. See C.A.R. 39.1 (“[T]he principal brief of the party

claiming attorney fees must include a specific request . . . and must

explain the legal and factual basis for an award of attorney fees.”).

¶ 31 We also deny the GAL’s request for appellate attorney fees and

costs. See C.A.R. 39(a)(3); Mountain States Adjustment v. Cooke,

2016 COA 80, ¶ 47 (nonprevailing appellate party is not entitled to

award of appellate attorney fees).

2 Because we reach this conclusion, we need not address whether

the court abused its discretion by denying mother’s motion to
reconsider. See Spiremedia Inc. v. Wozniak, 2020 COA 10, ¶ 35.

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IV. Disposition

¶ 32 The order is reversed, and the case is remanded for further

proceedings consistent with this opinion.

JUDGE WELLING and JUDGE LIPINSKY concur.

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