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Moving Oxnard Forward v. Lopez - Campaign Contribution Limits Constitutional

The Ninth Circuit en banc affirmed the district court's summary judgment upholding Measure B's per candidate and aggregate campaign contribution limits against First Amendment challenges brought by Moving Oxnard Forward, Inc. The court held the City established a sufficiently important governmental interest in preventing quid pro quo corruption, supported by a District Attorney investigation, newspaper article, resident survey showing 77% wanted accountability, and the fact that 82% of voters approved Measure B. Applying the Randall v. Sorrell 'danger signs' framework, the court found Measure B's limits closely drawn to the City's interest. Judge Collins, joined by Judge VanDyke, dissented, arguing the City's evidence did not meet the proper threshold burden under Supreme Court authority.