Zero Motorcycles Firmware Bluetooth Pairing Vulnerability
Summary
CISA published ICS Advisory ICSA-26-111-06 disclosing CVE-2026-1354, a medium-severity (CVSS 6.4) Bluetooth pairing vulnerability affecting Zero Motorcycles firmware versions 44 and prior. The flaw, CWE-322 (Key Exchange without Entity Authentication), could allow an attacker in proximity to forcibly pair a device with the motorcycle and potentially upload malicious firmware via over-the-air update functionality. The vendor plans to release a firmware remediation in May 2026.
“Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to pair via Bluetooth with a motorcycle, gaining unauthorized access to all Bluetooth functions, including changing the firmware.”
Fleet operators and transportation companies using Zero Motorcycles vehicles should confirm whether any deployed units run firmware version 44 or prior. Until the May 2026 vendor patch is available, operational procedures should enforce the vendor's pairing-location and key-storage recommendations as a baseline control — the attack requires proximity and sustained pairing, which mitigations can disrupt.
What changed
CISA ICS-CERT published Advisory ICSA-26-111-06 identifying CVE-2026-1354 in Zero Motorcycles Firmware versions 44 and prior. The vulnerability, rated CVSS 6.4 MEDIUM, enables an attacker to forcibly pair a device with the motorcycle via Bluetooth when the vehicle is in pairing mode, subsequently exploiting the over-the-air firmware update functionality to potentially upload malicious firmware. The attack requires the attacker to remain in proximity throughout the update process.
Organizations operating Zero Motorcycles vehicles or managing fleets that include them should identify affected firmware versions, apply vendor-recommended mitigations (pairing only in secure locations, securing keys, avoiding leaving bikes unattended with keys in the ON position), and monitor for the vendor firmware update scheduled for May 2026. Critical infrastructure operators in the Transportation Systems sector should assess whether this Bluetooth attack surface intersects with operational security protocols.
What to do next
- Zero Motorcycles has investigated this report and cautions users to pair their mobile device to their vehicle in a safe location where they can be sure no one else will try to pair at the same time.
- Store physical keys in a secure location and do not leave the bike unattended with the key in the "ON" position.
- Update the firmware to the latest available version.
Archived snapshot
Apr 22, 2026GovPing captured this document from the original source. If the source has since changed or been removed, this is the text as it existed at that time.
ICS Advisory
Zero Motorcycles Firmware
Release Date
April 21, 2026
Alert Code ICSA-26-111-06 Related topics: Industrial Control System Vulnerabilities, Industrial Control Systems View CSAF
Summary
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to pair via Bluetooth with a motorcycle, gaining unauthorized access to all Bluetooth functions, including changing the firmware.
The following versions of Zero Motorcycles Firmware are affected:
- Zero Motorcycles firmware <=44 (CVE-2026-1354)
| CVSS | Vendor | Equipment | Vulnerabilities |
|---|---|---|---|
| v3 6.4 | Zero Motorcycles | Zero Motorcycles Firmware | Key Exchange without Entity Authentication |
Background
- Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Transportation Systems
- Countries/Areas Deployed: Worldwide
- Company Headquarters Location: United States
Vulnerabilities
Zero Motorcycles firmware versions 44 and prior enable an attacker to forcibly pair a device with the motorcycle via Bluetooth. Once paired, an attacker can utilize over-the-air firmware updating functionality to potentially upload malicious firmware to the motorcycle. The motorcycle must first be in Bluetooth pairing mode, and the attacker must be in proximity of the vehicle and understand the full pairing process, to be able to pair their device with the vehicle. The attacker's device must remain paired with and in proximity of the motorcycle for the entire duration of the firmware update.
Affected Products
Zero Motorcycles Firmware
Vendor:
Zero Motorcycles Product Version:
Zero Motorcycles Zero Motorcycles firmware: <=44 Product Status:
known_affected
Remediations
Mitigation
Zero Motorcycles has investigated this report and cautions users to pair their mobile device to their vehicle in a safe location where they can be sure no one else will try to pair at the same time. Once initiated, complete the full pairing process and confirm it is successful. Store physical keys in a secure location and do not leave the bike unattended with the key in the "ON" position. Zero Motorcycles plans to address this issue in a firmware update scheduled for release in May 2026. Update the firmware to the latest available version.
Relevant CWE: CWE-322 Key Exchange without Entity Authentication
Metrics
| CVSS Version | Base Score | Base Severity | Vector String |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 | 6.4 | MEDIUM | CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H |
Acknowledgments
- Persephone Karnstein of Bureau Veritas Cybersecurity North America reported this vulnerability to CISA
Legal Notice and Terms of Use
This product is provided subject to this Notification (https://www.cisa.gov/notification) and this Privacy & Use policy (https://www.cisa.gov/privacy-policy).
Recommended Practices
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability has a high attack complexity.
Revision History
- Initial Release Date: 2026-04-21
| Date | Revision | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-04-21 | 1 | Initial Publication |
Legal Notice and Terms of Use
This product is provided subject to this Notification and this Privacy & Use policy.
Tags
Sector: Transportation Systems Sector Topics: Industrial Control System Vulnerabilities, Industrial Control Systems
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