FAST-CHARGING OF HYBRID LITHIUM-ION/LITHIUM-METAL ANODES BY NANOSTRUCTURED HARD CARBON FLOWER HOST

Abstract

The present embodiments relate generally to stable cycling of metallic lithium under high current densities and realistic cell conditions based on a flower-like nanostructured hard carbon host (CF). In embodiments, CF is both intercalated with lithium ions and plated with lithium metal to render a hybrid lithium-ion/lithium-metal anode capacity. The hybrid cells showed >99% CE up to 12 mA/cm2 (4 mAh/cm2) and >99.5% CE up to 16 mA/cm2 (2.5 mAh/cm2) with commercial carbonate electrolyte. The stability of the hybrid anodes was attributed to uniform lithium plating morphology and fast ion diffusion pathways enabled by the open-pore nanostructures of CF. Moreover, the CF∥NMC811 hybrid cells (2 mAh/cm2) showed excellent performance (˜70% capacity retention after 200 cycles, 100% SOC, room temperature) at 10 mA/cm2 current densities (<20 min charging for 100% SOC), while demonstrating ˜4 times anode specific capacity and much better cyclic stability compared to graphite]|NMC lithium-ion cells at such current.

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